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Perfil da Pobreza no Brasil e sua Evolução no Período 2004-2009

Author

Listed:
  • Rafael Guerreiro Osorio
  • Pedro H. G. F. de Souza
  • Sergei S. D. Soares
  • Luis Felipe Batista de Oliveira

Abstract

Este trabalho investiga, para os anos 2004 e 2009, as características e as condições de vida dos extremamente pobres (famílias de renda domiciliar per capita menor que R$ 67 em 2009), dos pobres (renda entre R$ 67 e R$ 134), dos vulneráveis à pobreza (R$ 134 a $ 465) e dos não pobres (superior a R$ 465). Os temas abordados são o tamanho de cada estrato, a composição de sua renda, a inserção da população em idade ativa no mercado de trabalho, características demográficas, educação, condição de ocupação, qualidade e saneamento das moradias, fontes de energia para iluminação e preparo dos alimentos, acesso à telefonia, posse de bens de consumo duráveis, e distribuição espacial. Também é apresentada uma classificação dos tipos de famílias mais frequentes na extrema pobreza. A primeira conclusão é que, a despeito da notável redução na pobreza extrema e não extrema, a distribuição relativa geográfica, etária, racial e educacional da pobreza pouco mudou. A segunda conclusão é que as principais mudanças no perfil da pobreza brasileira no período 2004-2009 decorrem: i) do crescimento econômico com distribuição via inclusão no mercado de trabalho; ii) dos aumentos reais do salário mínimo, que levaram à quase erradicação da pobreza extrema e até da pobreza entre famílias com idosos; e iii) da expansão da cobertura e do valor das transferências focalizadas de renda, que foram, para várias famílias com alguma renda do trabalho, a via de escape da extrema pobreza ou da pobreza. This text investigates, for 2004 and 2009, the characteristics and living conditions of four demographic categories defined by household per capita income values. These are The versions in English of the abstracts of this series have not been edited by Ipea`s editorial department. the extreme poor (those whose per capita incomes were less than R$ 67 in 2009), the poor (between R$ 67 and R$ 134), the vulnerable to poverty (between R$ 134 and R$ 465) and the non-poor (per capita incomes greater than R$ 465). We investigate the size of each group, its labor market insertion, demographic characteristics, educational attainment, geographical distribution, as well as various characteristics of the house they live in. We also present a classification of types of family most likely to be found in extreme poverty. Our first conclusion is that, in spite of the strong reductions in the number of poor, the relative geographical, age, racial, and educational distribution of poverty has not changed much between 2004 and 2009. Our second conclusion is that the most important changes in poverty were a result of: i) inclusive growth through the labor market; ii) real increases in the minimum wage which have all but eradicated extreme poverty and even non-extreme poverty among families counting on at least one elderly person; iii) increases in coverage and benefits of targeted cash transfers that were for many families with at least some labor income the escape route from extreme poverty and even poverty.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafael Guerreiro Osorio & Pedro H. G. F. de Souza & Sergei S. D. Soares & Luis Felipe Batista de Oliveira, 2011. "Perfil da Pobreza no Brasil e sua Evolução no Período 2004-2009," Discussion Papers 1647, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1647
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    Cited by:

    1. Guilherme Ottoni Teixeira Costa & Ana Flávia Machado & Pedro V. M. Do Amaral, 2018. "Vulnerability To Poverty In Brazilian Municipalities In 2000 And 2010: A Multidimensional Approach," Anais do XLIV Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 44th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 221, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].

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