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Estrutura da Inflação Brasileira: Determinantes e Desagregação do IPCA

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  • Thiago Sevilhano Martinez

Abstract

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir os determinantes e a decomposição da inflação brasileira medida pelo Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) nos anos de 2000 a 2009. Foram construídas 22 séries desagregadas, a classificação por segmentos, resultante da combinação da classificação bens comercializáveis/não comercializáveis/monitorados com os nove grupos do IPCA (alimentação e bebidas, habitação, artigos de residência, vestuário, transportes, saúde e cuidados pessoais, despesas pessoais, educação e comunicação). Os segmentos que mais influenciaram a inflação são ordenados pelo denominado Índice de Pressão sobre a Meta de Inflação (IPMI), criado para medir o impacto de cada agrupamento sobre o IPCA. São apresentados os resultados de um modelo econométrico que utiliza o método da função de transferência, com dados mensais de 1999 a 2009, para estimar os determinantes macroeconômicos da inflação desagregada nas 22 séries. Os determinantes dos segmentos mais influentes são explorados a partir dos resultados do modelo econométrico. Por fim, são levantadas algumas implicações para políticas de combate à inflação. This paper aims to discuss the determinants of Brazilian inflation measured by the Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) from 2000 to 2009. We built 22 disaggregated series, the segments classification, crossing the classification in tradeables/non-tradeables/monitored prices with the main groups of the IPCA (food and beverages, housing, household goods, clothing, transportation, health and personal care, personal expenses, education and communication). Segments with more influence on inflation are ordered by the so-called Inflation Targeting Pressure Index (ITPI), designed to measure the impact of each prices group on the IPCA. The paper also presents the results of an econometric model using the transfer function method, with monthly data from 1999 to 2009 to estimate the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in the 22 disaggregated series. The determinants of most influential segments are explored following the results of the econometric model. Finally, it discusses the implications for inflation policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Thiago Sevilhano Martinez, 2011. "Estrutura da Inflação Brasileira: Determinantes e Desagregação do IPCA," Discussion Papers 1634, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1634
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