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Uma Metodologia para Decompor Diferenças entre dados Administrativos e Pesquisas Amostrais, com Aplicação para o Programa Bolsa Família e o Benefício de Prestação Continuada na PNAD

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  • Pedro H. G. Ferreira de Souza

Abstract

PNADs), por exemplo, o número estimado de beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) é sempre inferior ao número oficial. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma metodologia simples, baseada nas características do desenho amostral das pesquisas domiciliares, para explicar essa diferença, decompondo-a em três termos: o viés de representatividade (derivado da escolha dos locais, áreas censitárias ou municípios para a pesquisa), o viés de captação (decorrente de problemas de captação nos locais selecionados) e a interação entre ambos. A aplicação dessa metodologia ao PBF e ao BPC mostra que, no primeiro caso, o viés de representatividade explica boa parte do problema: a seleção de municípios pesquisados é responsável por 40% da diferença observada entre os dados oficiais e os da PNAD. No caso do BPC, o viés de representatividade tenderia a agir no sentido oposto. Portanto, o viés de captação é inteiramente responsável pela diferença observada. Além disso, a declaração equivocada do BPC como benefício previdenciário na PNAD parece ocorrer sobretudo no período anterior a 2004 e não explica inteiramente o pequeno número de beneficiários identificados nas PNADs. Estimates based on household surveys often differ considerably from administrative records. In the PNADs, for instance, the estimated number of beneficiaries of the Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) and of the Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) are always lower than the official figures. This paper presents a simple methodology, based on the sampling design of household surveys, to explain these differences, decomposing them in three terms: the representativeness bias (due to selection of locales, census tracts or municipalities for the survey), the selection bias (due to selection issues in the chosen locales) and the interaction among them. The application of this methodology to the PBF and the BPC reveals that, regarding the former, the representativeness bias is accountable for a good part of the problem: the selection of the municipalities to be surveyed is responsible for 40% of the difference between official records and the PNAD. In the case of the BPC, the representativeness bias tends to act in the opposite direction. Thus, the selection bias is entirely responsible for the observed difference. Also, the erroneous reporting of the BPC as a Social Security benefit in the PNAD seems to occur mostly in the years prior to 2004 and in any case does not explain by itself the low number of beneficiaries identified in the PNAD.

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro H. G. Ferreira de Souza, 2010. "Uma Metodologia para Decompor Diferenças entre dados Administrativos e Pesquisas Amostrais, com Aplicação para o Programa Bolsa Família e o Benefício de Prestação Continuada na PNAD," Discussion Papers 1517, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1517
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