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Políticas De Ciência, Tecnologia E Inovação No Brasil: Uma Análise Com Base Nos Indicadores Agregados

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  • Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a evolução das políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I) no Brasil com base nos indicadores agregados de gastos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) e de produção científica e tecnológica. A revisão bibliográfica subsidia a proposição de que, gradativamente, as políticas propostas de CT&I têm superado a concepção linear do processo de inovação e passado a reconhecer sua natureza sistêmica. Após uma breve análise da trajetória seguida pelo Brasil desde a criação das agências de fomento à pesquisa e à formação de recursos humanos, na década de 1950, até a década de 1990, argumenta-se que as políticas de CT&I elaboradas no país têm, da mesma forma, admitido o caráter sistêmico do processo de inovação. Em seguida, com base na evolução dos gastos nacionais em P&D, argumenta-se que as políticas efetivamente implementadas continuam privilegiando o financiamento à pesquisa científica. Demonstra-se que, a despeito do crescimento da participação do Brasil nas concessões de patentes depositadas no United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), o crescimento mais acelerado da participação nacional no total de artigos publicados em periódicos científicos internacionais indexados no Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) tem levado a uma queda da relação entre esses dois indicadores. A persistência de ações de caráter mais científico do que tecnológico nas políticas nacionais de CT&I efetivamente implementadas pode ser creditada ao descompasso entre as categorias analíticas usadas para subsidiar a formulação das políticas e a operacionalização de ações amparadas em conceitos menos instrumentais. The aim of this work is to discuss the evolution of the science, technology, and innovation (ST&I) policies in Brazil using the aggregate indicators of research and development (R&D) expenditures and of scientific and technological production. The literature review supports the proposition that the proposed ST&I policies have been gradually overcoming the linear model and incorporating a more systemic view of the innovation process. After a brief review of the path followed by the ST&I policies in Brazil since the 1950s, it is argued that the local policies have been similarly recognizing the systemic nature of the innovation process. However, based upon an analysis of the evolution of the national R&D expenditures, it is argued that the adopted policies still focus on the scientific research. It is also shown that, in spite of the increasing share of Brazil in the world patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the accelerated growth of the share of Brazil in the world scientific papers indexed by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) has been leading to a decreasing relationship between these two indicators. The persistence of policies that focus on scientific instead of technologic and innovative actions is associated to the mismatch between the analytical categories used to support policies formulations and the performing of actions based upon less instrumental concepts.

Suggested Citation

  • Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante, 2009. "Políticas De Ciência, Tecnologia E Inovação No Brasil: Uma Análise Com Base Nos Indicadores Agregados," Discussion Papers 1458, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1458
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