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Fiscal Decentralization and Subnational Fiscal Autonomy in Brazil: Some Facts of the Nineties

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  • Mônica Mora
  • Ricardo Varsano

Abstract

This paper considers some facets of the recent Brazilian experience in fiscal decentralization. For this purpose, it describes the pattern of fiscal decentralization in Brazil and, subsequently, discusses some events of the nineties pertaining to fiscal relations in the federation. Historically, Brazilian experience with fiscal federalism has been marked by ups and downs in the degree of fiscal decentralization. Satisfactory conciliation between the need to ensure a reasonable degree of financial autonomy for subnational governments, on one hand, and the requirement of coordinating fiscal instruments in order to serve national interests, on the other, has not yet been attained. The analysis of events of the nineties does not reveal a consolidated model of federalism but a transition process characterized by attempts to correct the aftermath of both excessive centralization and immoderate decentralization experienced in sequence in the past. The paper concludes that preservation of fiscal decentralization may require the imposition of restrictions on the autonomy of subnational governments, this time for economic rather than for political reasons. Este artigo examina algumas facetas da experiência recente da descentralização fiscal no Brasil. Para tanto, descreve-se inicialmente a evolução da descentralização fiscal desde os anos 60. Na sessão subseqüente são tratados alguns eventos que afetaram as relações fiscais intergovernamentais nos anos 90. Historicamente, o federalismo brasileiro foi marcado por movimentos diastólicos e sistólicos no grau de descentralização, geralmente em consonância com o regime político em vigência, fosse ele mais ou menos democrático. O objetivo de conciliar a autonomia fiscal dos entes da Federação, por um lado, e a necessidade de coordenar os instrumentos fiscais com a finalidade de resguardar interesses nacionais, por outro, ainda não foi alcançado. Na análise dos eventos dos anos 90, observa-se que o modelo federativo ainda não está consolidado, mas em processo de transição. A consolidação de um modelo, com a estabilização das relações fiscais intergovernamentais, dependeria da definição da descentralização fiscal possível. Observa-se que a preservação da descentralização fiscal pode redundar em restrições à autonomia dos governos subnacionais.

Suggested Citation

  • Mônica Mora & Ricardo Varsano, 2015. "Fiscal Decentralization and Subnational Fiscal Autonomy in Brazil: Some Facts of the Nineties," Discussion Papers 0111, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0111
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