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Normativa del mercado laboral y desigualdad del ingreso: elementos de juicio de un grupo de países

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Author Info
César Calderón
Alberto Chong ()
Rodrigo Valdés

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Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Este trabajo presenta elementos de juicio sobre los efectos de la normativa laboral en la desigualdad del ingreso, empleando dos bases de datos publicadas recientemente sobre las instituciones y los resultados laborales (Rama y Artecona, 2002; Botero, Djankov, La Porta, López de Silanes y Shleifer, 2003) y diversas técnicas de análisis de muestras representativas y de datos de panel, de una muestra de 121 países durante el período de 1970 a 2000. Al tomar en cuenta las técnicas que tienen mayor probabilidad de ser valederas, descubrimos lo siguiente: (i) la normativa de jure no hace mejorar la distribución del ingreso, (ii) el cumplimiento relativo de la normativa vigente hace mejorar la distribución del ingreso y (iii) la normativa de facto guarda una escasa relación con el mejoramiento de la desigualdad del ingreso. Este resultado obedece en parte al hecho de que la normativa es endógena y, más curiosamente, que diversas normativas tienen erectos muy diversos. En particular, hallamos que todo efecto de redistribución de la normativa laboral puede provenir de la afiliación sindical, el empleo en el sector público y las prestaciones de ley (representadas por el permiso de maternidad).

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Paper provided by Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department in its series RES Working Papers with number 4376.

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Date of creation: Oct 2004
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Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4376

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  1. Simeon Djankov & Rafael La Porta & Florencio Lopez-de-Silane & Andrei Shleifer & Juan Botero, 2003. "The Regulation of Labor," NBER Working Papers 9756, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Squire, Lyn & Suthiwart-Narueput, Sethaput, 1997. "The Impact of Labor Market Regulations," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 11(1), pages 119-43, January.
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  3. Galor, Oded & Tsiddon, Daniel, 1996. "Income Distribution and Growth: The Kuznets Hypothesis Revisited," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 63(250), pages S103-17, Suppl.. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Patrick Van Houdt, 1997. "Do Labor Market Policies and Growth Fundamentals Matter for Income Inequality in OECD Countries? Some Empirical Evidence," IMF Working Papers 97/3, International Monetary Fund.
  5. Beck, Thorsten & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Levine, Ross, 2001. "Law, politics, and finance," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2585, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  6. Deininger, Klaus & Squire, Lyn, 1996. "A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(3), pages 565-91, September.
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