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Understanding the Growth of the Middle Class in Bolivia

Author

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  • Beverinotti, Javier
  • Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo
  • Puerta, Alejandro

Abstract

In this paper we aim to disentangle how sectoral economic growth affects the growth of the middle class size using state-level data of Bolivia from 2000 to 2017, a country with limited data, breaking the three main economic activities into subsectors aiming for more specific results. By means of a Bayesian hierarchical longitudinal model for small samples, we find that the commerce and services sectors have the biggest impact, even though mining and agriculture also have a positive effect on the increase of the middle class in Bolivia. Our results also suggest that both formality and public social investment have a significant, yet smaller, effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Beverinotti, Javier & Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo & Puerta, Alejandro, 2021. "Understanding the Growth of the Middle Class in Bolivia," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 11403, Inter-American Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:brikps:11403
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003407
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    economic growth; Informality; middle class;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • O41 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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