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給付つき税額控除による消費税負担の軽減, The VAT Credit for Mitigating Regressive Tax Burdens in Japan: The First Result of an Empirical Study

Author

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  • 高山, 憲之
  • Takayama, Noriyuki
  • タカヤマ, ノリユキ
  • 白石, 浩介

Abstract

わが国では消費税率の引き上げに際し、その逆進性の緩和策として給付つき税額控除を導入する必要があるという意見が少なくない。本章では、その導入に関するマイクロシミュレーションを行い、その導入効果を計量的に示すとともに、新制度をめぐる主要な検討課題が明らかにする。消費税率の2~3%の引き上げに際して、下位20%の低所得者層を対象とし、引き上げに伴う負担増のすべてを軽減する場合、世帯当たりの支給額は年額60~90千円に留まるものの、それでも所要財源は年間で1.1~1.6兆円に達する。所得税の仕組みを活用すると、VATクレジットは税額控除部分と給付部分から構成される。そのうち税額控除が占める割合は最大で4割程度である。さらに、わが国の世帯構造は多様化しているので、制度設計を工夫しないと、高所得世帯に同居している低所得の単身者などが適用対象となってしまう。家計における消費の単位が世帯であるならば、世帯員のすべてを包摂する仕組みが求められるものの、それは世帯員の範囲特定化と収入の捕捉という実務上の難題を生じさせる。

Suggested Citation

  • 高山, 憲之 & Takayama, Noriyuki & タカヤマ, ノリユキ & 白石, 浩介, 2011. "給付つき税額控除による消費税負担の軽減, The VAT Credit for Mitigating Regressive Tax Burdens in Japan: The First Result of an Empirical Study," PIE/CIS Discussion Paper 503, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:piecis:503
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