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日本と韓国における養子制度の発展と児童福祉--歴史統計を用いた比較制度分析の試み--

Author

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  • 姜, 恩和
  • 森口, 千晶

Abstract

養子縁組とは血縁に依存せず法的に親子関係を創出する制度であり、家庭に 恵まれない児童が新たに恒久的な家庭を得る唯一の方法である。しかし、韓国では養子制度が児童福祉に重要な役割を果たしているのに対して、日本では児童福祉政策としての機能をほとんど果たしていない。本研究では「なぜ日韓では社会的養護としての養子縁組の位置づけが大きく異なるのか」という問いを立て、政府統計を駆使して比較可能な長期統計を作成し、両国における制度発展の歴史的経路を明らかにする。分析の結果によると、日本と韓国は戦後の混乱期に児童福祉政策が導入された点で似たような初期条件にあった。しかし、政治情勢や国家の財政力などの違いからその発展経路が分かれ、韓国では政府機関と外国援助団体の連携の下に要保護児童対策における養子縁組の役割が拡大していったのに対して、日本では政府機関と社会福祉事業者の協調の下に施設養護が主流となり養子法の改革が遅れ、現在に至るまで養子縁組は児童福祉として積極的に活用されていない

Suggested Citation

  • 姜, 恩和 & 森口, 千晶, 2016. "日本と韓国における養子制度の発展と児童福祉--歴史統計を用いた比較制度分析の試み--," Discussion Paper Series 637, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:hituec:637
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    File URL: https://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/hermes/ir/re/27726/DP637.pdf
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • K36 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Family and Personal Law
    • N35 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Asia including Middle East
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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