年金の議論が盛んになってきているが, その中で特に関心がもたれているのは財政方式の問題である。財政方式には保険料方式と消費税方式などがあり, それに依存して資源配分が変化する。本研究では, 雇用・年金・債券市場に市場の不完備性を組み込んだ動学的一般均衡モデルで, 年金保険料の徴収方法によって資源配分がどのようになるかを観察し, どの程度の年金水準が望ましいのか, どちらの財政方式で厚生が高くなるかについて, 定常状態で評価した。その結果, いずれの方式でも, 公的年金の水準は0％が最適であることが示された。また, 一定の規模で年金を実施する場合, 消費税方式の方が保険料方式よりも望ましいことが示された。これは, 消費税方式での資本蓄積を妨げない効果等が, 保険料方式での雇用リスクを和らげる効果等を上回っているためであると考えられる。, Recently, Japanese public pension scheme has been discussed more often, especially about how to finance the scheme. It is possible to finance the scheme by wage-proportional contribution or by Value-Added-Tax, but the allocation may be different depending on the financial method. I find that an optimal tax rate is 0 percent at steady state under either method by using a dynamic general equilibrium model with individuals living at longest 80-period in an incomplete market setting. Moreover, I show that it is better to have the scheme with Value-Added-Tax when we have a certain amount of public pension scheme.
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Paper provided by Center for Research on Contemporary Economic Systems, Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University in its series CCES Discussion Paper Series with number
10.
Find related papers by JEL classification: E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies