Bonus impact on intra-match competitive intensity, real and potential incidence in French rugby, football and basket championships[L'impact du bonus sur l'intensité compétitive intra-match, incidence réelle et potentielle dans les championnats français de rugby, de football et de basket]

This article deals with outcome uncertainty in sport-spectacle through a concealed dimension in the literature. Indeed, the researchers have tackled until now three temporal scales of uncertainty: on the end of a match before its kick-off, at the end of a season and on several seasons. The originality of the research is to develop a fourth level of measurement: intra-match competitive intensity. In the model we propose, this one depends on percentage of time of play with possibility of rapid fluctuation of situation on score and average number of fluctuations by match. The obtained results show that at the French level, without integrating bonus in rugby Top 14, football Ligue 1 presents a stronger intra-match competitive intensity than Top 14 and basket Pro A. Nevertheless, bonus in rugby allows to increase its intra-match competitive intensity which becomes stronger than in Ligue 1. So bonus seems appropriated to ameliorate leagues intra-match competitive intensity.