Barcelona, ​​22@ Poblenou, the urban landscape of a sustainable techno city. Critical look at city planning: new authorities, procedures, urban forms and labeling[Barcelone, le 22@ Poblenou, le paysage urbain d’une cité techno durable. Regard critique sur le city planning: nouvelles instances, procédures, formes urbaines et labellisation]

During the 1950s and 1960s, the important demographic boom in Barcelona caused uncontrolled urban growth. The work of Albert Ferras in Montpellier and his thesis "Barcelona, ​​growth, of a metropolis" testify to this. At the end of the Franco period (1974/1975), the so-called period of political, economic and social transition occurred: it was necessary to rehabilitate the city center, in particular its old degraded districts, and to carry out new urban developments. The nascent democracy is an opportunity to put in place a series of measures to improve urban management. This is the first urban project in Barcelona. For this, the "Metropolitan Corporation of Barcelona" was first created to manage urban growth throughout the metropolitan area. In 1976, a Metropolitan Plan was drawn up. From 1979, a reconversion of industrial spaces began to install new equipment and create new public spaces: we wanted to enrich urban renewal with aspects aimed at improving the quality of life. Then 1986, aims to acquire the organization of the Olympic Games while adopting a Special Urban Organization Plan, the aim of which is to rebuild a city taking into account its traditional morphology and at the same time giving it adaptability by relation to the new lifestyles due to the creation of wealth. From the 1980s, priority was given to the modernization of motorway infrastructures to complete a territorial rebalancing at the regional level between urban center and countryside, which favored peri-urbanization with the emergence of small scattered towns. The fight against periurbanisation will be the target of the most recent urban planning policies. The city of Barcelona is organized following the ideal of a compact city, but we quickly realize that it is not enough to disseminate this model between its urban limits and that it is necessary to create a metropolitan network of compact cities. Sustainability, openness to the outside, economic dynamism, compactness, will be the guiding principles of any urban project in Barcelona and its metropolitan area. Barcelona has acquired know-how in the field of urban requalification from large-scale projects: the city hosted the Olympic Games in 1992 and the Forum of Cultures in 2004, which will also be an opportunity to carry out major development projects. urban planning. In order to coordinate urban policies and take environmental issues into account, an Urban Ecology Agency was created. We decide to carry out the action of rehabilitation of the industrial wastelands of Poble Nou, "The Catalan Manchester". 1,600,000 inhabitants - Capital of Catalonia Barcelona, ​​by launching the 22@Barcelona project in 2001 to reconvert the former industrial wastelands of Poble Nou by 2020, is betting on reconciling new economic growth and sustainable development. At the origin of the project, a reflection of the urban ecology agency of Barcelona on the conditions of an urban renewal meeting the requirements of the 21st century. This is based on the "systema entorn" model, which analyzes the interactions between urban development and the environment. Until then, the approach is classic: one influences the other and vice versa, the relationship between these two factors determines the degree of sustainability of a city. But Barcelona reverses the data of the equation by betting on the complexification of urban management methods to ensure an improvement of the living environment and the preservation of natural resources. In other words, the multiplication, concentration and diversification of economic and human activities within the city would not be a threat to the planet and could even become factors in its preservation. The more complex a city is, the more sustainable it will be. Poble Nou and its 200 hectares of industrial zone are transformed into an urban planning laboratory and offer a practical ground for these theoretical reflections. - Introduction of the compact city model on the scale of the metropolitan area - Willingness to keep an openness to the outside world and to boost the economy - Creation of an Urban Ecology Agency: a coordination and management body innovation - Know-how in the realization of large-scale projects valid for Catalonia. - Establishment of public-private partnership agreements to obtain adequate financing - Realization of the sustainable district @22. Between positive points and questions, we communicate on one of the most emblematic districts of Barcelona through its international vocation.