Trends in exposures to physically demanding working conditions in France in 2003, 2010, and 2017

Background: To explore trends in social and occupational inequalities in terms of exposures to physically demanding working conditions for French employees. Methods: Our study assessed data from the French national cross-sectional survey of occupational hazards (SUMER) that was conducted in 2003, 2010, and 2017. Trends in the prevalence of several types of physically demanding working conditions (lifting of heavy loads, awkward postures, vibrations, harmful noise, extreme temperatures, and CMR agents) were explored. Temporal changes in associations of individual and job characteristics with these factors of hardship at work were examined using multilevel logistic regressions. Results: We estimated that 53.5% of French workers from all industries in the private sector and in public hospitals were exposed to at least one of the adverse physical working conditions considered in 2017. While the prevalence of exposure to severe physical constraints increased between 2003 and 2017 (+4.2 pp), the exposure associated with a hazardous physical environment decreased sharply (-6.3 pp). These observed trends did not occur similarly for all workers. Several inequalities in exposure increased over the period, particularly to the detriment of blue-collar workers. The situation of shift workers deteriorated in terms of the exposure to vibrations and awkward postures. Conclusion: Our study indicates that more stringent interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence of pronounced physical constraints that contribute to MSDs. Future prevention strategies, in addition to seeking to achieve a general reduction in exposure to all physically demanding working conditions, should aim to reduce disparities that adversely affect vulnerable populations.