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Optimisation « économique » vs « physique » des réseaux de surveillance de la qualité de l'eau

Author

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  • François Destandau

    (UMR GESTE - Gestion Territoriale de l'Eau et de l'environnement - ENGEES - École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Youssef Zaiter

Abstract

Les réseaux de surveillance jouent un rôle important dans l'acquisition d'information pour orienter les politiques afin d'améliorer la qualité des eaux de surface. Ceci nous a conduits à une réflexion sur la valeur économique de cette information par la méthode bayésienne. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à déterminer la localisation optimale des stations d'un réseau de surveillance, le long d'une rivière, dont l'objectif est de détecter des pollutions accidentelles potentielles. Nous élaborons un modèle théorique et une simulation numérique pour comparer la valeur économique de l'information de deux réseaux différents : un réseau « physiquement » optimisé où la localisation des stations permet de minimiser le temps de détection de la pollution accidentelle, en ne tenant compte que de considérations hydrologiques, et un réseau « économiquement » optimisé où la localisation des stations permet la maximisation de la valeur de l'information. Cette comparaison est faite pour trois scénarios de vulnérabilité, à savoir un dommage environnemental, généré par la pollution : constant, décroissant ou croissant le long de la rivière. Nos résultats montrent que l'avantage d'optimiser économiquement le réseau plutôt que physiquement, dépend du contexte, à savoir le nombre de stations et le scénario de vulnérabilité. Ainsi, selon le coût additionnel de l'optimisation économique, l'optimisation physique pourrait être recommandée. Gestion de la ressource en eau-Réseaux de surveillance de la qualité-Valeur économique de l'information

Suggested Citation

  • François Destandau & Youssef Zaiter, 2020. "Optimisation « économique » vs « physique » des réseaux de surveillance de la qualité de l'eau," Post-Print hal-03373478, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03373478
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03373478
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