La crise de l’économie de marché. L’économie politique à la rescousse

Liberal and neo-classical economists did not foresee the economic crisis of 2008.. Originating in the United States, it has had a singularly important impact on all areas of social life in most countries of the world, a tribute to globalisation. Economists have used several theories, from "black swans", to "long tail", to bubbles or state action. The theory of the end of history had already come to an end. Several heterodox economists had sounded the alarm about the crisis of financial innovations based on rapid but precarious profit, but once the crisis was triggered, solutions were not self-evident. The first step was to protect the banks, which had been the primary culprits of the crisis. The social and societal nature of the crisis was not addressed, leaving public services and social inequalities to continue to decline and increase. In the long run, democracy is in danger of being replaced de facto by a plutocracy.