The innovation as highlight of the dynamics of occupations: application to the jobs by medical care[L’innovation au cœur de la dynamique des métiers : application au secteur de la santé]

The health sector is undergoing radical changes, characterized by very strong innovation dynamics and an environment favourable to a multitude of reforms. Therefore, the speeding pace of the evolution concerning occupations, in particular their reorganization, has remained incomprehensible to many professionals. In order to understand the dynamics of the evolution of occupations, our research topic is: In a context of innovation, does the understanding of the structuring process of occupations allow a better management of their dynamics ? While adopting a forecasting approach towards occupations as global frame of thought, our research aims at clarifying the prior phases of the structuring process of occupations. In order to offer a congruous answer to our question, we first suggest a literature review to better grasp the concept of "individual job", its various meanings and dimensions, as well as an analysis of the concept of innovation. Following the methodological framework presentation, we will examine the results related to a dynamic structuring of the following professions : nursing, hygiene counseling, genetic counseling and dosimetry. The examination of these occupations allowedto determine their structuring process. The achievementtowards a new occupation depends essentially on the level of impact of the various forms of innovations, on the initiatedlearningprocess and on the dynamicscreated by the social process around these innovations. Finally, we will highlight any similar and different characteristics of the various structuring processes under review.