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Le pôle sojicole sud-américain

Author

Listed:
  • Martine Guibert

    (LISST - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Reçu le 16 novembre 2017-Accepté le 18 décembre 2017 Résumé-En Amérique du Sud, depuis une quarantaine d'années, le soja s'est imposé dans les régions rurales historiquement consolidées (Pampa argentine, Sud du Brésil, Ouest uruguayen, Est paraguayen) ainsi que dans les zones de fronts agricoles (Cerrado brésilien, Chaco argentin, Oriente bolivien). Il entre dans les schémas de double culture annuelle sur la même parcelle et il a accéléré le délaissement de la combinaison élevage-agriculture au profit d'une agriculture en continu. Ainsi, cinq pays se sont progressivement spécialisés dans la production de ce protéagineux : Brésil tout d'abord, Argentine et Bolivie ensuite, Paraguay et Uruguay enfin. Cependant, au-delà d'une apparente convergence sous-continentale, certaines modalités régionales et locales diffèrent. De plus, au côté des États-Unis, ces pays constituent l'autre grand pôle sojicole du continent américain, qui s'est à son tour rendu incontournable sur le marché mondial des quatre co-produits : graines, protéine, huile brute et biodiesel. En effet, si le Brésil possède un marché national conséquent, les autres pays produisent du soja pour l'exporter. Mots clés : soja / Amérique du Sud / exportations / front agricole Abstract-The South American soybean hub. For the last forty years, soybean has emerged in South America as the unavoidable crop production in both the historically consolidated rural areas (Argentine Pampas, Southern Brazil, Uruguayan West, and Paraguayan East) and the agricultural fronts (Brazilian Cerrado, Argentine Chaco, Bolivian Orient). Soybeans are systematically included in annual double-cropping patterns on the same plot and have accelerated the abandonment of the livestock-crop combination in favor of continuous farming. As time goes by, five countries have gradually specialized in the production of this protein crop: Brazil first, Argentina and then Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay finally. However, beyond an apparent sub-continental convergence, several different regional and local modalities exist. In addition, along with the United States, these countries are the other major agricultural hub of the American continent, which is indispensable in the global market for the four co-products currently generated, namely seeds, protein, crude vegetable oil and biodiesel. Although Brazil has a large domestic market to fulfill, other South American countries produce soybeans for export.

Suggested Citation

  • Martine Guibert, 2018. "Le pôle sojicole sud-américain," Post-Print hal-02081948, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02081948
    DOI: 10.1051/ocl/2017057
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://univ-tlse2.hal.science/hal-02081948
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