Méthode systémique et organisationnelle d'Analyse Préliminaire des Risques basée sur une ontologie générique

The Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) was developed at the beginning of the sixties in the aeronautical and military fields. Since then, it has been used in many other industries and it becomes the cornerstone of the Safety Management System (SMS) building. Almost five decades later, no generic model has been provided. An investigation carried out by the INRS among 220 RAMS experts, reveals that 81% of the experts practice the PHA, but only 9% of them consider their practice reasonably well. Indeed, this surprising revelation is justified regarding the many methodological, terminological, technical or organisational difficulties that we could identify. Consequently, the practice of the PHA remains problematic and completely beyond any harmonization optics. In a step of resolution of the noticed difficulties, we propose the PRM (Preliminary Risk Management) method that would be based on a generic accidental process allowing to channel the mechanisms of capitalization and exploitation of knowledge relating to the accident scenarios (causality, entities, situations, events, etc). The PRM method is attached to the Safety Management System (SMS) via the management of the technical and organisational processes. The purpose of this work is firstly to show the 10 difficulties in risk management that we have noticed, and secondly to deal with these difficulties through the proposal of the Preliminary Risk Management (PRM) method in order to enforce the pertinence of the hazard analysis regarding its predominant status in the SMS (Safety Management System). These proposals had been concretized through the development of an Interactive Decision-Making System (IDMS) in order to perform a complete assisted-analysis-process through an ergonomic GUI (Graphical User Interface).