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Incertitude, marché et organisation : sens et portée de la contribution de Knight

Author

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

    (OFCE Sciences-Po
    Université Côte d'Azur
    GREDEG CNRS
    Institut Universitaire de France)

Abstract

Knight ne distingue pas seulement l'incertitude du risque. Il pose explicitement le problème de la maitrise et de la réduction de l'incertitude en la faisant dépendre de la forme de l'organisation sociale et non d'un calcul de probabilités en toute hypothèse impossible en raison de la nature même du processus de production qui prend du temps. La théorie de l'entreprise fondée sur les coûts de transaction, initiée par Coase, tourne le dos à cette approche en étant une théorie du choix et de l'échange sans véritable considération ni de la production, ni de l'incertitude. Revenir à Knight et approfondir son analyse requiert (i) de reconnaître, à la suite de Arrow, l'imperfection de l'information et les défaillances du système de prix qui en découlent impliquant de se séparer de la rationalité individuelle pour considérer l'importance de l'action collective et faire ainsi place à l'entreprise, (ii) de reconnaître, à la suite de Richardson, la nécessité pour l'entreprise de faire face au jeu conjoint de l'irréversibilité et de l'incertitude en mettant en place des formes collusives d'organisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2021. "Incertitude, marché et organisation : sens et portée de la contribution de Knight," GREDEG Working Papers 2021-09, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
  • Handle: RePEc:gre:wpaper:2021-09
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    connaissance; entreprise; incertitude; production; temps;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
    • D80 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - General
    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
    • L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure
    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

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