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Territorialisation des politiques environnementales : le cas de la pollution nitrique de l'eau par l'agriculture

Author

Listed:
  • Lacroix, A.
  • Bel, F.
  • Mollard, A.
  • Sauboua, E.

Abstract

The paper starts with the wide variability of nonpoint water nitrogenous pollution generated by agriculture. This variability depends especially on climate, soil types and farming systems. Our interdisciplinary researches, mainly based on two sites in France, show that space and time heterogeneity influences farm practices to be implemented in order to reduce pollution at the standard level. Hence the most cost-effective farm practices are different from one place to another, depending on local characteristics. Therefore this result emphasises the potential efficiency of spatially targeted policies. Theoretically, such policies are considered optimal, since economic agents tune their efforts according to the sensitivity of the milieu where they operate. But, according to empirical analyses this advantage is counteracted by a high cost of implementation, monitoring and enforcement. In order to maintain the advantage of site-specific policies versus uniform policies, the former have to be implemented at an optimal level of space. This level should at least allow for a trade-off between lower expenses due to an appropriate tuning to the local conditions and heavier costs of decentralised measures. This paper deals with this specific question regarding site-specific policies. It is based on the assessing of the importance of spatial variance in physical parameters and in private and social costs. ...French Abstract : Le point de départ de ce papier est la grande variabilité de la pollution nitrique diffuse de l'eau due à l'agriculture. Celle-ci dépend en particulier du climat, des types de sol et des systèmes de production agricole. Nos recherches réalisées de façon interdisciplinaire à partir de deux sites en France, montrent que cette hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle conditionne les pratiques agricoles mises en oeuvre pour réduire la pollution au niveau de la norme admise. De ce fait, les pratiques les plus "cout-efficaces" diffèrent d'un endroit à un autre, en fonction des caractéristiques locales. Ces résultats mettent donc en évidence l'efficacité potentielle d'une territorialisation des politiques publiques. En théorie, de telles politiques sont considérées comme optimales par les économistes, car elles incitent les agents à moduler leurs efforts en fonction de la sensibilité du milieu dans lequel ils développent leurs activités. Mais, selon les études empiriques, cet avantage serait annulé par un cout élevé de mise en oeuvre, de controle et de surveillance. Pour maintenir leur avantage sur des politiques uniformes, les politiques territorialisées devraient etre mises en œuvre à un niveau spatial optimal. Un tel niveau devrait au minimum atteindre un compromis entre l'économie réalisée grace à une modulation adaptée aux conditions locales et les sur-couts dus à la décentralisation des solutions mises en ouvre. Ce papier analyse la pertinence d'une prise en compte de ces spécificités par des politiques territorialisées. Il s'appuie sur l'évaluation de l'importance de la variabilité spatiale de paramètres physiques et des couts privés et sociaux de la territorialisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Lacroix, A. & Bel, F. & Mollard, A. & Sauboua, E., 2004. "Territorialisation des politiques environnementales : le cas de la pollution nitrique de l'eau par l'agriculture," Working Papers 200403, Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL).
  • Handle: RePEc:gbl:wpaper:200403
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    File URL: https://gael.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/sites/default/files/Mediatheque/doc-recherche/WP/A2004/gael2004-03.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Lungarska & Pierre-Alain Jayet, 2018. "Impact of Spatial Differentiation of Nitrogen Taxes on French Farms’ Compliance Costs," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 69(1), pages 1-21, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    COLLUSION PROOFNESS; MULTI PRINCIPALS; ASYMETRIC MECHANISM; OPTIMAL CONTRACT;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D44 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Auctions
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • L41 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices

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