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Cookie-Cutter versus Character: The Micro Structure of Small Business Lending by Large and Small Banks

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Author Info
Rebel A. Cole
Lawrence G. Goldberg
Lawrence J. White

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Abstract

The recent consolidation in the banking system has focused attention on the difference in lending between large and small banks, since large banks lend proportionally less to small business. We use a newly available survey of small business finances conducted by the Federal Reserve System to analyze the micro-level differences between large banks and small banks in the loan approval process. We find that large banks (over $1 billion in assets) appear to employ standard criteria obtained from financial statements in the loan decision process, while small banks (less than $1 billion in assets) deviate from these criteria more and appear to rely on their impression of the character of the borrower to a larger extent. These "cookie-cutter" and "character" approaches are consistent with the incentives and environments facing large and small banks.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business- in its series New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires with number 98-022.

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Date of creation: 16 Dec 1997
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Handle: RePEc:fth:nystfi:98-022

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Postal: U.S.A.; New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics . 44 West 4th Street. New York, New York 10012-1126
Web page: http://w4.stern.nyu.edu/finance/
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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Slovin, Myron B & Sushka, Marie E & Polonchek, John A, 1993. " The Value of Bank Durability: Borrowers as Bank Stakeholders," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(1), pages 247-66, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Jensen, Michael C, 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 323-29, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Jonathan A. Scott & William C. Dunkelber, 1999. "Bank consolidation and small business lending: a small firm perspective," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Mar, pages 328-361. [Downloadable!]
  4. Petersen, Mitchell A & Rajan, Raghuram G, 1995. "The Effect of Credit Market Competition on Lending Relationships," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 110(2), pages 407-43, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Joe Peek & Eric S. Rosengren, 1995. "Small business credit availability: how important is size of lender?," Working Papers 95-5, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. [Downloadable!]
  6. Rebel A. Cole & Lawrence G. Goldberg & Lawrence J. White, 1997. "Cookie-Cutter versus Character: The Micro Structure of Small Business Lending by Large and Small Banks," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 98-022, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-.
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  7. Berger, Allen N & Udell, Gregory F, 1995. "Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Firm Finance," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 68(3), pages 351-81, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Petersen, Mitchell A & Rajan, Raghuram G, 1994. " The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(1), pages 3-37, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Petersen, Mitchell A & Rajan, Raghuram G, 1997. "Trade Credit: Theories and Evidence," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(3), pages 661-91.
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  11. Cole, Rebel & Walraven, Nick, 1998. "Banking consolidation and the availability of credit to small businesses," MPRA Paper 4716, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  12. George W. Haynes & Charles Ou & Robert Berney, 1999. "Small business borrowing from large and small banks," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Mar, pages 287-327. [Downloadable!]
  13. Allen N. Berger & Anthony Saunders & Joseph M. Scalise & Gregory F. Udell, 1997. "The Effects of Bank Mergers and Acquisitions on Small Business Lending," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 97-1, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-.
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