Notwithstanding the essentially proportional nature of the German electoral system, the two-tier system of districts, and the complex counting procedure that it entails have rendered it liable to some of the consequences of a well-known form of "electoral abuse", malapportionment. Moreover, the division of the territory of application for the threshold of exclusion, introduced temporarily for the elections of December 1990, has given rise to other possible forms of electoral-territorial distortion, labelled here as "quasi-malapportionment" and "quasi-gerrymandering". These factors have had, in some cases, a remarkable political impact on German political life.
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Paper provided by European Institute - Political and Social Sciences in its series Papers with number
97/6.
Find related papers by JEL classification: D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior