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Population Ageing and the Current Account in Selected OEDC Countries

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  • Maxime Fougère
  • Marcel Mérette

Abstract

It is well known that over the next several decades, there will be significant changes in the age structure of OECD populations. According to recent demographic projections by the United Nations, the share of the old-aged population is expected to double, on average, over the next 50 years in the major industrialised countries. These demographic changes may have significant fiscal and economic consequences, and pose important public policy challenges for the countries involved. In this paper, we extend the Hviding and Mérette (1998) computable overlapping-generation (OLG) models to a small economy framework to investigate the possible effects of population ageing on the current account of six OECD countries. The calibration of the new models is such that a direct comparison of our simulation results with those obtained under the original models is possible. The comparison allows a thorough investigation of the potentially role of foreign investment in alleviating the negative macroeconomic effects of ageing populations Our results show that the globalisation of capital markets may reduce, to some extent, the negative effects of domestic population ageing for small open economies that age more rapidly than the rest of the world. In such a case, the international capital market is able to offer better returns to domestic savings than would otherwise occur in a closed-economy context. C'est un fait reconnu qu'au cours des prochaines décennies, les pays de l'OCDE feront face à d'importants changements démographiques. Selon les projections récentes des Nations Unies, la part des personnes âgées (65 ans et plus) sur l'ensemble de la population totale doublera au cours des 50 prochaines années, dans les pays industrialisés. Ces changements démographiques pourraient avoir des conséquences financières et économiques importantes, et mettent en lumière les défis que devront relever les politiques publiques des pays concernés. Dans cet article, nous modifions le cadre d'analyse du modèle numérique de Hviding and Mérette (1998) à générations imbriquées pour examiner les effets possibles du vieillissement de la population sur le compte courant pour six pays de l'OCDE. Le calibrage des nouveaux modèles est tel qu'il permet une comparaison directe des résultats de simulations avec ceux obtenus par les modèles originaux. La comparaison nous permet d'évaluer le potentiel que pourrait jouer les investissements étrangers en tant que palliatif aux effets économiques négatifs du vieillissement des populations. Nos résultats montrent que la globalisation des marchés des capitaux peut permettre de réduire quelque peu les effets néfastes du vieillissement de la population pour une petite économie ouverte qui vieillit plus rapidement que le reste du monde. Dans un tel cas, les marchés internationaux des capitaux sont capables d'offrir de meilleurs rendements à l'épargne domestique que dans le cas d'une économie fermée.

Suggested Citation

  • Maxime Fougère & Marcel Mérette, "undated". "Population Ageing and the Current Account in Selected OEDC Countries," Working Papers-Department of Finance Canada 1998-04, Department of Finance Canada.
  • Handle: RePEc:fca:wpfnca:1998-04
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