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Understanding barter in Russia

Author

Listed:
  • Simon Commander

    (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development)

  • Christian Mumssen

    (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development)

Abstract

This paper analyses the incidence and growth of non-monetary transactions – barter, veksels, debt offsets, tax offsets and other money surrogates – in Russia. The empirical backbone of the paper is a survey of 350 - predominantly industrial – firms, carried out in October and November 1998. The paper provides an analytical framework for understanding both firm-level incentives for using barter and the reasons for its phenomenal growth since 1993. Having examined some of the costs of Russia’s nonmonetary economy, the paper discusses a number of policy options.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Commander & Christian Mumssen, 1998. "Understanding barter in Russia," Working Papers 37, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebd:wpaper:37
    as

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    File URL: http://www.ebrd.com/pubs/econo/wp0037.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    barter; non-monetary transactions; veksels; tax offsets; arrears; trade credit; virtual economy; Russia; transition;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D4 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • P31 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
    • P2 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies

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