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Sollen Freiberufler und Landwirte Gewerbesteuer zahlen?: Steuersystematische Überlegungen und empirische Wirkungsanalysen

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  • Stefan Bach
  • Michael Broer
  • Frank M. Fossen

Abstract

Taxing local business is a common feature of local public finance in many countries. The German local business tax (Gewerbesteuer) is the main tax revenue source of municipalities in Germany. Liberal professionals, however, have traditionally been exempted from it. In the past, the German Federal Constitutional Court justified this exemption by arguing that their production differed systematically, i.e. in their intensity of capital and labour employment. This paper shows that this claim does not hold true empirically. Furthermore, we analyse the fiscal and distributional effects of a hypothetical inclusion of the liberal professionals in the local business tax. We use a microsimulation model based on official local business tax and personal income tax files. The results indicate that the total revenue effect would be low, because the local business tax can be credited against the personal income tax. On the other hand, today's undesirably unequal distribution of local business tax revenues between municipalities would decrease. We conclude that if a local business tax is levied, all types of enterprise should be liable. In vielen Ländern gibt es kommunale Unternehmensteuern, in Deutschland hat die Gewerbesteuer ein großes Gewicht bei der Gemeindefinanzierung. Wenn solche kommunalen Unternehmensteuern erhoben werden, gibt es keinen steuer- und wirtschaftspolitischen Grund für eine Differenzierung zwischen Gewerbebetrieben sowie freien Berufen oder der Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Daher sollten alle Personenunternehmen der Gewerbesteuer unterliegen, im Gegenzug könnte die Anrechnung der Gewerbesteuer für alle Personenunternehmen gelten. Die resultierenden Aufkommens- und Belastungseffekte werden mit einem Mikrosimulationsmodell analysiert, das auf repräsentativen Daten der Gewerbesteuerstatistik basiert. Durch die Gewerbesteueranrechnung sind die Mehrbelastungen und fiskalischen Effekte letztlich gering, die Streuung des Gewerbesteueraufkommens über die Gemeinden wird aber verringert.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Bach & Michael Broer & Frank M. Fossen, 2008. "Sollen Freiberufler und Landwirte Gewerbesteuer zahlen?: Steuersystematische Überlegungen und empirische Wirkungsanalysen," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 761, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp761
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    File URL: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.78647.de/dp761.pdf
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    1. Frank M. Fossen & Stefan Bach, 2007. "How Should Local Governments Tax Local Business?: Lessons from an International Comparison and a Microsimulation Analysis for Germany," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 717, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
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    Cited by:

    1. Frank Fossen & Viktor Steiner, 2009. "Income taxes and entrepreneurial choice: empirical evidence from two German natural experiments," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 487-513, June.

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