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Naissances prémaritales au Sénégal : confrontation de modèles urbain et rural

Author

Listed:
  • Agnès Adjamagbo

    (Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement,UMR IRD-Université de Provence 151)

  • Philippe Antoine

    (DIAL, IRD, Dakar)

  • Valérie Delaunay

    (Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement,UMR IRD-Université de Provence 151)

Abstract

(english) In Senegal, marriage and procreation are strongly associated in the social representations. With the postponement of the age at first marriage, childbearing outside marriage is becoming more frequent. A comparison of two contrasting populations, one from the capital (Dakar) and one from a rural area (Niakhar), allows us to better understand the mechanisms of entry into first union and of start of childbearing in Senegal. In particular, the present study permits us to isolate the determinants of the births outside of marriage. In Niakhar, the urban experience is a factor that determines the likelihood of becoming a single mother. In Dakar, young girls who work as housekeepers have a higher chance of having children without being married. In contrast, high school and college female students have a lower probability of becoming single mothers than girls of other categories. During the pre-marital period individual statuses are fragile and the stakes in terms of reproductive health policies are the strongest. _________________________________ (français) Au Sénégal, mariage et procréation demeurent fortement associés dans les représentations sociales. Avec le recul de l’âge au premier mariage, la maternité hors mariage est une réalité de plus en plus fréquente. À partir d’une comparaison entre deux populations contrastées, celle de la capitale (Dakar) et celle d’une région rurale (Niakhar), nous avons cherché à mieux comprendre les mécanismes d’entrée en vie conjugale et maternelle au Sénégal et à déterminer les facteurs des naissances hors mariage. À Niakhar l’expérience urbaine s’avère déterminante sur le risque de devenir mère célibataire. À Dakar, ce sont les jeunes filles qui travaillent comme domestiques qui risquent le plus de connaître une naissance hors mariage. En revanche, chez les élèves ou les étudiantes ce risque est plus faible que pour les autres catégories. C’est durant la période de vie prémaritale, où les statuts individuels sont fragiles, que les enjeux dans le domaine des politiques de santé de la reproduction sont les plus forts.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnès Adjamagbo & Philippe Antoine & Valérie Delaunay, 2005. "Naissances prémaritales au Sénégal : confrontation de modèles urbain et rural," Working Papers DT/2005/02, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200502
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