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Eliciting People's First-Order Concerns: Text Analysis of Open-Ended Survey Questions

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  • Stantcheva, Stefanie
  • Ferrario, Beatrice

Abstract

This paper illustrates the design and use of open-ended survey questions as a way of eliciting people's first-order concerns on policies. Multiple choice questions are the backbone of most surveys, but they may prime respondents to select answer options that they would not naturally have thought about, and they may omit relevant options. Open-ended questions that do not constrain respondents with specific answer choices are a valuable tool for eliciting first-order thinking. We discuss three text analysis methods to analyze open-ended questions' answers. To illustrate how to apply these methods, we provide evidence from large-scale surveys on income and estate taxation. We show the that key concerns relate mostly to distribution issues, fairness, and government, rather than to efficiency concerns. There are large partisan gaps in the first-order concerns on policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Stantcheva, Stefanie & Ferrario, Beatrice, 2022. "Eliciting People's First-Order Concerns: Text Analysis of Open-Ended Survey Questions," CEPR Discussion Papers 16929, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:16929
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    Keywords

    Surveys; Open-ended questions; Preferences; Political economy; Taxation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making

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