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The Effects of Automation on Labor Demand: A Survey of the Recent Literature

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  • Jaravel, Xavier
  • Aghion, Philippe
  • Antonin, Céline
  • ,

Abstract

In this article, we survey the recent literature and discuss two contrasting views on the impacts of automation on labor demand. A first view predicts that firms that automate reduce employment, even if this may ultimately result in job creations taking advantage of the lower equilibrium wage induced by job destructions. A second approach emphasizes the market size and business stealing effects of automation. Automating firms become more productive, which enables them to lower their quality-adjusted prices, and therefore to increase the demand for their products. The resulting increase in scale translates into higher employment by automating firms, potentially at the expense of their competitors through business stealing. Drawing from our empirical work on French firm-level data and a growing literature covering multiple countries, we provide empirical support for this second view: automation has a positive effect on labor demand at the firm level, which remains positive at the industry level as it is not fully offset by business stealing effects. We discuss the implications of these results for the taxation of automation technologies such as robots.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaravel, Xavier & Aghion, Philippe & Antonin, Céline & ,, 2022. "The Effects of Automation on Labor Demand: A Survey of the Recent Literature," CEPR Discussion Papers 16868, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:16868
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    Cited by:

    1. Saam Marianne, 2024. "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Productivity and Employment – How Can We Assess It and What Can We Observe?," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Sciendo, vol. 59(1), pages 22-27, February.
    2. Albanesi, Stefania & Dias da Silva, António & Jimeno, Juan F. & Lamo, Ana & Wabitsch, Alena, 2023. "New Technologies and Jobs in Europe," IZA Discussion Papers 16227, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Albanesi, Stefania & Da Silva, António Dias & Jimeno, Juan F. & Lamo, Ana & Wabitsch, Alena, 2023. "New technologies and jobs in Europe," Working Paper Series 2831, European Central Bank.

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