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La relación de la rama ejecutiva y legislativa en la formulación de políticas públicas en Colombia. Análisis de la elaboración y aprobación del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2018-2022

Author

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  • Juan Sebastián Uribe Quintero

Abstract

El propósito de este documento es analizar la influencia de las relaciones entre el Gobierno nacional y el Congreso de la República de Colombia en las políticas públicas que se aprueban en el proceso legislativo. Se presenta una investigación cualitativa que consiste en un estudio de caso del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND) 2018-2022, propuesto durante el Gobierno del presidente Iván Duque Márquez. La particularidad de este proceso es el hecho de que el presidente Duque planteara una forma de interacción con el Congreso basada exclusivamente en un debate ideológico, excluyendo la posibilidad de entablar negociaciones de carácter transaccional con los congresistas para lograr su apoyo a la agenda legislativa. Para esto se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a miembros del Gobierno y el Congreso, se describieron las bases de datos de ponentes y enmiendas, y se aplicó la metodología de Arantes y Couto (2009, 2010) utilizada por Andréa Marcondes de Freitas (2016) para determinar el aporte de cada rama al resultado del PND. A grandes rasgos se observó que la estrategia del Gobierno nacional supuso un Congreso de la República más fuerte y crítico, que en un punto puso en riesgo la aprobación del proyecto de PND en el trámite legislativo. Esto llevó a que el Gobierno modificara su aproximación al trámite legislativo, de manera que hubo una transacción de puestos por apoyos para lograr la aprobación del plan. El documento concluye con una serie de recomendaciones de política pública que apuntan a mejorar las relaciones entre el Gobierno nacional y el Congreso de la República en el proceso legislativo en general y el trámite de discusión del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo en particular. ****** The aim of this document is to analyse the influence of the relationship between Colombia’s National Government and its Congress of the Republic regarding the public policies approved through the legislative process. To achieve this a qualitative investigation was carried out consisting of a case study of the Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2018-2022 (PND) –National Development Plan–, proposed by the president Iván Duque Márquez. This process is particularly relevant because President Duque proposed a way of interacting with Congress based exclusively in an ideological debate, therefore excluding the possibility of establishing negotiations of transactional character with congressman and congresswoman to win their support in the legislative agenda. In order to make this happen semi-structured interviews to congressmen, congresswomen and members of government were conducted, the databases of speakers and amendments were studied, and the methodology of Arantes and Couto (2009, 2010) used by Andréa Marcondes de Freitas (2016) was applied to determine the contribution of each branch to the result of the PND. Broadly speaking, the analysis shows that the strategy implemented by the Government resulted in a stronger and more critical Congress of the Republic, which at one point put at risk the approval of the project of PND. The Government had to change its way of approaching Congress and, therefore, there was a transaction of positions for support to obtain the approval of the plan. Finally, a series of recommendations are made in order to improve the relationship between Government and Congress, both in general and in the process of the discussion process of the PND in particular.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Sebastián Uribe Quintero, 2022. "La relación de la rama ejecutiva y legislativa en la formulación de políticas públicas en Colombia. Análisis de la elaboración y aprobación del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2018-2022," Documentos de trabajo 20761, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000547:020761
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    File URL: https://gobierno.uniandes.edu.co/sites/default/files/books/DT/DT-88.pdf
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