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Cadenas y especialización funcional latinoamericana. Evidencias sobre integración productiva en el siglo XXI

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  • Hernán Alejandro Roitbarg

Abstract

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la inserción latinoamericana en cadenas de producción globales y regionales, según la especialización funcional desempenada. Para realizar el análisis se ha construido y armonizado una base de datos sobre ingresos por ocupación para siete países de la región. La metodología se basó en un enfoque de Insumo Producto multi-país. Los resultados indican un perfil de especialización manufacturero basado fundamentalmente en tareas de fabricación. Los casos excepcionales se concentran en Brasil y México, países que también participan por medio de las funciones de dirección e investigación y desarrollo. Los hallazgos implican que la inserción general de Latinoamérica por medio de acuerdos comerciales no ha logrado plantear un perfil de especialización diferente, y sí con efectos levemente positivos, limitados y concentrados en las principales economías de la región. Para lograr mejores resultados, se identifica como desafío la coordinación de políticas que promuevan el crecimiento de la demanda intrarregional en conjunto con políticas que guíen las economías de aglomeración, a los fines de un reparto más equitativos de la participación en las etapas productivas y los ingresos derivados. Abstract: This article analyses how Latin America fits into global and regional production chains based on functional specialization. A database on income by occupation has been constructed and harmonized for seven nations in the region in order to conduct the analysis. A multi-country input-output approach was used in the methodology. The findings point to a manufacturing specialization profile based primarily on manufacturing tasks. The rare situations are focused in Brazil and Mexico, these countries are also involved in management and research and development. The findings imply that the general insertion of Latin America through trade agreements does not pose a different specialization profile. However, regional insertion had slightly positive effects, limited in magnitude and concentrated in the main economies of the region. To achieve better results, the challenge is to coordinate policies that promote the growth of intra-regional demand with policies that guide agglomeration economies, for the purpose of a more equitable distribution of participation in the productive stages and derived income.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernán Alejandro Roitbarg, 2022. "Cadenas y especialización funcional latinoamericana. Evidencias sobre integración productiva en el siglo XXI," Ensayos de Economía 20652, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000418:020652
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    File URL: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/100943
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    Keywords

    cadenas globales de valor; integración; comercio de tareas; especialización funcional; Latinoamérica.; ocupaciones laborales (es)global value chains; integration; trade in tasks; functional specialization; Latin America; labor occupations (en);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F59 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - Other
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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