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Relación entre la apertura económica y desigualdad de ingresos entre 2012 y 2020

Author

Listed:
  • Sebastián Rangel
  • Karol-Ximena Melo-Bayona
  • María-Jimena Araque-Castro
  • María-Jimena Araque-Castro

Abstract

Resumen: En los últimos anos, gracias al auge del comercio internacional, la generación de riqueza ha aumentado. Sin embargo, esta última parece no haber sido distribuida en todos los segmentos de la población de forma igualitaria. Este artículo presenta una evidencia econométrica de la relación entre el nivel del comercio internacional y la desigualdad de ingresos intra-país para 150 países de los cinco continentes, en el período 2012-2020. Los modelos propuestos son de tipo panel de efectos fijos y aleatorios, controlados por continente. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran que cada una de las regiones evidencian efectos diferentes entre el nivel de comercio internacional y la desigualdad de ingresos intra-país. Para el ano 2020, los efectos del Covid-19 sobre la desigualdad no son determinantes, pues aún no existen suficientes datos públicos para medir el efecto de la pandemia cuantitativamente, aun así, se puede colegir, a partir de fuentes secundarias y de estadística descriptiva, que hubo un incremento en la desigualdad de ingresos en los países producto del confinamiento. Abstract: In recent years, thanks to the boom in international trade, the generation of wealth has increased. However, the latter does not seem to have been spread equally across all segments of the population. This article presents econometric evidence of the relationship of the level of international trade with intra-country income inequality for 150 countries on five continents over the period 2012-2020. The proposed models are of the fixed and random effects panel type controlled by continent. Among the main results are that each of the regions show different effects between the level of international trade and intra-country income inequality. For the year 2020, the effects of Covid-19 on inequality are not decisive, since there is still not enough public data to measure the effect of the pandemic quantitatively, even so it can be concluded, from secondary sources, that there was an increase in income inequality in the countries because of the confinement.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastián Rangel & Karol-Ximena Melo-Bayona & María-Jimena Araque-Castro & María-Jimena Araque-Castro, 2022. "Relación entre la apertura económica y desigualdad de ingresos entre 2012 y 2020," Ensayos de Economía 20650, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000418:020650
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    File URL: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/102-123
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    coeficiente de Gini; apertura económica; comercio exterior; datos panel (es)Gini coefficient; economic openness; foreign trade; panel data (en);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F63 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Economic Development
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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