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Patada a la escalera: La verdadera historia del libre comercio

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  • Ha-Joon Chang

Abstract

Resumen: Se describe la historia del libre comercio con una perspectiva alternativa a la predominante en el llamado consenso de Washington, según el cual lo mejor que pueden hacer los países para generar riqueza y puestos de trabajo es eliminar las barreras arancelarias y abrirse al mercado mundial. Los países que hoy se consideran desarrollados usaron en épocas pasadas el proteccionismo para defender su industria naciente y solo pasaron a predicar las virtudes del libre comercio cuando se hallaban ya en una situación en la que eran capaces de competir internacionalmente con otros países que habían avanzado antes en el desarrollo industrial. Tanto Gran Bretana como EE. UU. Tuvieron practicaron el proteccionismo por largos periodos. Como dijo Friedrich List, una vez alcanzada la cima, es una argucia común dar una patada a la escalera por la que se ha subido, privando así a otros de la posibilidad de subir detrás.

Suggested Citation

  • Ha-Joon Chang, 2013. "Patada a la escalera: La verdadera historia del libre comercio," Ensayos de Economía 12235, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000418:012235
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    File URL: http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/41244/42806
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Libre comercio; Consenso de Washington; desarrollo industrial; proteccionismo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • D20 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - General

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