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Comercio exterior mexicano según la intensidad tecnológica en el periodo 1986-2018

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Galindo
  • David Guío
  • Salvador Padilla

Abstract

Con el propósito de evaluar la calidad de la inserción de México al mundo globalizado a través del comercio exterior, en el presente documento se analiza el grado de dependencia tecnológica de los sectores industriales y la transferencia de la tecnología vía comercio exterior desde 1986 hasta 2018, reconociendo el cambio estructural generado tras la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) en 1994. Para ello, se utilizó la variable de importaciones como indicador de inaptitud tecnológica y la variable de exportaciones para indicar la aptitud tecnológica del país en determinado sector industrial. Se estableció como hipótesis que el país es superavitario en tecnología baja y deficitario en tecnología alta. No obstante, al analizar los datos, se encontró que México pasó de ser deficitario en todos los sectores industriales a ser superavitario en el sector de tecnología media en el periodo analizado. Luego, para alcanzar y mantener un superávit en el sector de tecnología alta se deben impulsar políticas públicas que permitan el aumento de la productividad y el tamano de industrias locales que faciliten el acceso a nuevos mercados que demanden este tipo de bienes. Se debe involucrar la industria local en la cadena productiva de las firmas con enfoque al mercado externo, de forma que se transmitan los beneficios a la economía en general. *** In order to evaluate the quality of Mexico's insertion into the globalized world through foreign trade, this document will analyse the degree of technological dependence of the industrial sectors and the transfer of technology via foreign trade from 1986 to 2018, recognizing the structural change generated after the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. For this purpose, the imports variable was used as an indicator of lack of technological capability and the exports variable to indicate the technological capability of the country in a certain industrial sector. It was established as a hypothesis that the country is surplus in low technology and deficit in high technology. However, when analysing the data, it was found that Mexico went from being in deficit in all industrial sectors to being in surplus in the medium technology sector in the period analysed. Therefore, in order to achieve and maintain a surplus in the high technology sector, public policies must be promoted to increase productivity and the size of local industries, facilitating access to new markets that demand this type of goods. Local industry must be involved in the production chain of firms with a focus on the external market, so that the benefits are transmitted to the economy in general.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Galindo & David Guío & Salvador Padilla, 2020. "Comercio exterior mexicano según la intensidad tecnológica en el periodo 1986-2018," Econógrafos, Escuela de Economía 18593, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000176:018593
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    File URL: http://fce.unal.edu.co/centro-editorial/docs/econografos-escuela-economia/156-comercio-exterior-mexicano-segun-la-intensidad-tecnologica-en-el-periodo-1986-2018
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    intensidad tecnológica; exportaciones; importaciones; industria; apertura comercial; TLCAN;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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