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From Political Economy to Economics: How Statistics, Graphs, and the State Forged Twentieth Century Economics

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  • Ricardo Alejandro Pena Pinzón

Abstract

The purpose of this essay is to present not only the entrance but also the effect Statistics had upon the consolidation of Economics and its further influence in state intervention. The traditional method of Political Economy in the late nineteenth century disregarded Statistics as a valid approach to acquire economic knowledge. This paradigm was changed, amongst others, by the American Wesley C. Mitchell and the Englishman William Stanley Jevons, who used graphs and statistics as part of the “economic toolset” for research for causal relationships. Furthermore, Statistics only entered state intervention and planning after mayor crises (the World Wars and the Great Depression) forced states to play an active role in the economy. This essay will focus on the experience of the United States and the United Kingdom on these matters. *** El objetivo de este texto es exponer cómo la estadística entró en la ciencia económica y el impacto que tuvo en la consolidación de esta disciplina. Además, se muestra la influencia que tuvo la estadística en la intervención y planeación estatal. El método tradicional de la economía política al final del siglo diecinueve negaba la utilidad de la estadística como mecanismo de obtención de conocimiento económico. Este paradigma fue refutado, entre otros economistas, por el estadounidense Wesley C. Mitchell y el inglés William Stanley Jevons, quienes usaron gráficas y estadísticas como parte del “arsenal económico” para darse a la búsqueda de relaciones causales. En cuanto a la entrada de la estadística en la planeación e intervención estatal, fue necesario que los Estados tomaran un papel activo en la economía a raíz de crisis profundas como las dos guerras mundiales y la gran depresión. Este texto se enfocará en la experiencia de Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Alejandro Pena Pinzón, 2020. "From Political Economy to Economics: How Statistics, Graphs, and the State Forged Twentieth Century Economics," Econógrafos, Escuela de Economía 18316, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000176:018316
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    File URL: http://fce.unal.edu.co/centro-editorial/docs/econografos-escuela-economia/151-from-political-economy-to-economics-how-statistics-graphs-and-the-state-forged-twentieth-century-economics
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Statistics; Wesley C. Mitchell; William Stanley Jevons; state intervention;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B22 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Macroeconomics
    • B23 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
    • B41 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - Economic Methodology
    • N01 - Economic History - - General - - - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods

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