IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000124/020637.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Casos de estudio de empresas fachada en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Víctor Saavedra
  • Miguel Ángel Carvajal

Abstract

El presente documento expone 11 casos de estudio asociados a la constitución de empresas fachada con distintos objetivos relacionados con actividades ilegales, tales como lavado de dinero, flujos financieros ilegales y desvío de recursos públicos. Cada uno de los casos es fundamentado en investigaciones penales o fiscales llevadas a cabo por autoridades públicas como la Fiscalía General de la Nación, la Contraloría General de la República, la Procuraduría General de la Nación y la Superintendencia de Sociedades. Dentro de estas investigaciones se documentan irregularidades o crímenes como venta de títulos de valor ficticios, exportaciones e importaciones ficticias, lavado de dinero, coaptación de instituciones públicas y desvío de recursos públicos a cuentas de particulares. El documento desarrolla cada caso exponiendo el contexto del mismo, el modelo de negocio usado por la organización involucrada, las prácticas irregulares de las que es acusada o los delitos que enfrenta, el alcance del caso tanto en términos monetarios como en impacto negativo sobre el bienestar de los afectados y la evolución de las sanciones penales y fiscales. Sumado a lo anterior, el documento hace un énfasis especial en casos relacionados con el Programa de Alimentación Escolar, exponiendo 6 casos donde redes de corrupción coaptaron la contratación alrededor del PAE con el objetivo de desviar los recursos del mismo a bolsillos particulares a través de la constitución de empresas fachada que conseguían hacerse con los contratos de operación de este programa y malversar su implementación. Dentro de los hallazgos comunes entre los casos se resaltan la consolidación de clanes familiares como factor relacionado con la coaptación de instituciones del Estado, la realización de importaciones y exportaciones ficticias para mover activos de un país a otro, la consolidación de relaciones estrechas con políticos y funcionarios públicos que facilite la asignación de contratos y, por último, la manipulación de los nombres, números de identificación y cambio en los representantes legales de las empresas con el fin de no cumplir sanciones previas impuestas por casos de corrupción. ****** Abstract: This document presents 11 case studies associated with the constitution of front companies with different objectives related to illegal activities, such as money laundering, illegal financial flows and misappropriation of public resources. Each of the cases is based on criminal or fiscal investigations carried out by public authorities such as the Fiscalía General de la Nación, the Contraloría General de la República, Procuraduría General de la Nación and the Superintendencia de Sociedades. These investigations document irregularities or crimes such as the sale of fictitious securities, fictitious exports and imports, money laundering, coaptation of public institutions and deviation of public resources to private accounts. The document develops each case by setting out the context of the case, the business model used by the organization involved, the irregular practices of which it is accused or the crimes it faces, the scope of the case both in monetary terms and in terms of negative impact on the welfare of those affected, and the evolution of criminal and fiscal sanctions. In addition, the document makes a special emphasis on cases related to the Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE), exposing 6 cases where corruption networks coopted the contracting around the PAE with the aim of misappropriating its resources to private pockets through the constitution of front companies that managed to get the contracts for the operation of this program and misappropriate its implementation. Among the common findings of the cases are the consolidation of family clans as a factor related to the coaptation of state institutions, the realization of fictitious imports and exports to move assets from one country to another, the consolidation of close relationships with politicians and public officials to facilitate the allocation of contracts and, finally, the manipulation of names, identification numbers and changes in the legal representatives of the companies in order to avoid previous sanctions imposed for corruption cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Víctor Saavedra & Miguel Ángel Carvajal, 2022. "Casos de estudio de empresas fachada en Colombia," Informes de Investigación 20637, Fedesarrollo.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000124:020637
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/4353
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Empresas Fachada; Lavado de Activos; Fraude Tributario; Flujos Financieros Ilegales; Corrupción; Front Companies; Money Laundering; Tax FraudIlegal Financial Flows; Corruption.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:col:000124:020637. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Patricia Monroy (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/fedesco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.