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Tasa de cambio, deuda externa e inversión en Colombia

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Author Info
Juan José Echavarría Soto ()
María Angélica Arbeláez Restrepo ()

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Abstract

Colombia sera probablemente uno de los últimos países de la región en adoptar un esquema de tasa de cambio nominal fijo: se trata de una economía cerrada, afectada por shocks asimétricos de producto y política económica, y no muy integrada con la economía de los Estados Unidos. El nivel de dolarización de facto del sistema financiero es bajo, la flexibilidad laboral mínima, y el pass-through cambiario bajo, al menos en los años recientes. Ademas, las devaluaciones reales tienen un impacto positivo sobre la inversión y el crecimiento. Se utiliza en este trabajo la evidencia microeconómica disponible para firmas inscritas y no inscritas en bolsa en Colombia en 1995-2002 y se encuentra que la devaluación real tuvo efectos claramente positivos sobre la inversión, las ventas, y las utilidades de las firmas. El impacto positivo de la devaluación vía mayor competitividad domina el efecto negativo riqueza sobre el balance de las firmas endeudadas, no sólo en el agregado de las firmas, si no también en el sector manufacturero, en el comercio y en la agricultura considerados individualmente. Nuestro resultados parcialmente rechazan las conclusiones de viejos trabajos según los cuales la revaluación de la tasa de cambio promueve la inversión al disminuir el precio de la maquinaria importada. Abstract Colombia will be one of the last countries in the region to adopt a fixed nominal exchange rate: it is a closed economy, affected by asymmetric product and policy shocks and not highly integrated with the United States. The de facto level of dolarization of the financial system is low, labor flexibility non existent and the exchange rate pass through is very low, at least in recent years. It is also clear, moreover, that real devaluations have a positive impact on investment and growth. This paper uses the microeconomic evidence available for listed and non listed firms in Colombia in 1995-2002 and shows that real devaluations has positive - expansionary effects on investment, sales and profits. Competitive effects amply dominate negative - contrationary wealth effects for the whole set of firms but also for manufacturing, trade and agriculture when considered in isolation. Our results partially reject the old idea that a revaluation of the exchange rate in Colombia promotes investment by reducing the import price of machinery.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by FEDESARROLLO in its series WORKING PAPERS SERIES. DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO with number 003539.

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Length: 42
Date of creation: 30 Jun 2003
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:col:000123:003539

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