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Impacto fiscal de la migración venezolana

Author

Listed:
  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
  • Andrea Otero-Cortés
  • Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero
  • Ana María Tribín-Uribe

Abstract

El propósito de este documento es cuantificar el impacto fiscal de la migración venezolana entre 2017 y 2019 y estimar su costo en el mediano plazo, considerando diferentes escenarios de migración y de acceso a los servicios públicos ofrecidos por el Estado. Así mismo, se presentan algunos problemas operativos y presupuestales de algunas entidades territoriales frente al fenómeno de la migración. De acuerdo con las cifras del gobierno nacional, el costo por la prestación de los servicios de salud, educación y primeria infancia alcanzó 0.12% del PIB en el periodo 2017-2019. Si el proceso migratorio continúa, el Estado tendría que evaluar la asignación de nuevos recursos fiscales para atender la provisión de los servicios ofrecidos a este grupo poblacional. De acuerdo con los diferentes escenarios de migración y provisión de servicios públicos, los costos podrían fluctuar entre 0.19% y 0.26% del PIB en 2020, 0.19% y 0.34% del PIB en 2021 y 0.20% y 0.42% del PIB en 2022. Desde la perspectiva de los ingresos públicos, se estima la contribución de los migrantes a los impuestos nacionales, especialmente en el caso de IVA y de renta. A nivel territorial no hay información precisa sobre el gasto fiscal en programas a favor de los migrantes venezolanos, ni sobre los impuestos municipales pagados por este grupo poblacional. Tampoco es clara la delimitación de responsabilidades de gasto entre el gobierno nacional y los gobiernos sub-nacionales. Sin embargo, a partir de un ejercicio cualitativo se estudian los casos particulares de Bogotá, Barranquilla, Medellín y Cartagena. Finalmente, se describe la estrategia del gobierno para los migrantes a raíz de la crisis generada por el COVID-19. **** ABTRACT: The aim of this paper is to quantify the fiscal impact of Venezuelan migration between 2017 and 2019 and to estimate its cost in the medium term, under different migration scenarios and access to public services provided by the government. Likewise, we address some operational and budgetary problems of local government facing the phenomenon of migration. According to the national government, the cost of the provision of health services, education and early childhood education represented 0.12% of GDP in the period 2017-2019. If the migratory process continues, the government will have to evaluate the allocation of new fiscal resources to attend the provision of services offered to this population group. According to the different scenarios of migration and provision of public services, fiscal costs can fluctuate between 0.19% and 0.26% of GDP in 2020, 0.19% and 0.34% of GDP in 2021 and 0.20% and 0.42% of GDP in 2022. From the perspective of public income, the contribution of immigrants to national taxes is estimated for VAT and the corporate income tax. At the local level, there is no precise information on fiscal spending on programs targeting Venezuelan migrants, nor on municipal taxes paid by this population group. There is no consensus between the different government levels about who should pay for the expenditures associated with the attention of the migrant population. However, from a qualitative exercise, the particular cases of Bogotá, Barranquilla, Medellín and Cartagena are studied. Finally, we describe the government's strategy for migrants during the crisis generated by COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Andrea Otero-Cortés & Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero & Ana María Tribín-Uribe, 2020. "Impacto fiscal de la migración venezolana," Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 18165, Banco de la República, Economía Regional.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000102:018165
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    Cited by:

    1. Ana María Tribín-Uribe & Achyuta Adhvaryu & Cesar Anzola-Bravo & Oscar Ávila-Montealegre & Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía & Juan Carlos Castro-Fernández & Luz A. Flórez & Ánderson Grajales-Olarte & Alexander , 2020. "Migración desde Venezuela en Colombia: caracterización del fenómeno y análisis de los efectos macroeconómicos," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 97, pages 1-74, October.
    2. Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero & Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez Arenas & Héctor M. Zárate-Solano, 2021. "Efecto de la pandemia sobre el sistema educativo: El caso de Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1179, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Traettino, Salvador, 2023. "Migración forzada y finanzas públicas locales: evidencia de los municipios en Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 12926, Inter-American Development Bank.
    4. Salvador Traettino, 2022. "Migración forzada y finanzas públicas locales: Evidencia de los municipios en Colombia," Documentos CEDE 20335, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Venezuelan Migration; Public Expenditure; Health; Education; Covid-19; Migración Venezolana; Gasto público; Salud; Educación; Covid-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • I19 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Other
    • I29 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Other
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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