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La Construcción Del Pensamiento Científico En Las Ciencias Físico/Naturales Y En La Economía

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  • ISAAC ENRÍQUEZ PÉREZ

Abstract

RESUMENEl presente documento analiza de manera comparativa las dimensiones epistemológicas de las ciencias físico/naturales -especialmente la física y la biología- y de la economía en sus esfuerzos por estructurar un status de ciencia. Se plantea la tesis de que entre el pensamiento científico -especialmente el emanado de las ciencias físicas- y el pensamiento económico se comparten ciertos criterios epistemológicos en la manera de abordar sus respectivos objetos de estudio, siendo ello uno de los factores por los cuales los debates epistemológicos se convierten en el Talón de Aquiles de la economía. Además, se identifica que pocos son los autores de las ciencias económicas que muestran una preocupación genuina por establecer criterios sólidos y referentes metodológicos que orienten la construcción del conocimiento científico sobre la vida económica; entre estos autores destacan Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Alfred Marshall y Milton Friedman, entre los cuales existen diferencias y matices importantes. Finalmente, se concluye con una serie de preguntas sugestivas relativas a los desafíos teórico/epistemológicos de las ciencias económicas y a la necesidad de trascender las posturas positivistas que históricamente le caracterizan.

Suggested Citation

  • Isaac Enríquez Pérez, 2008. "La Construcción Del Pensamiento Científico En Las Ciencias Físico/Naturales Y En La Economía," Economía, Gestión y Desarrollo 5239, Universidad Javeriana - Cali.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000097:005239
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    Keywords

    Palabras clave: Pensamiento pre-científico; modernidad europea; pensamiento científico; ciencias físicas; biología; ciencias económicas; desafíos teórico/epistemológicos de la economía.ABSTRACTThis paper presents a comparative analysis of the efforts within economics vis-à-vis the physical sciences -in particular physics and biology- to achieve a scientific status. It is argued that economics´ endeavour to emulate the natural sciences; especially physics´; has become its epistemological Achilles´ heel. It is put forth that few authors within economics have taken seriously the task of establishing sound criteria and methodological references that help orient the construction of scientific knowledge about economic life. The theories of those few who have done so -among them Adam Smith; Karl Marx; Alfred Marshall and Milton Friedman- possess important differences; some of which are overviewed. The paper concludes by raising a number of questions related to the theoretical and epistemic challenges faced by economics; and by suggesting that it is necessary to transcend the positivistic stand that has historically dominated this field of inquiry. Key words: Pre-scientific Thinking; European Modernity; Scientific Thinking; Physical Sciences; Biology; Economic Sciences; Economics Theoretical and Epistemological Challenges.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology
    • B41 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - Economic Methodology
    • B1 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925
    • B12 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
    • B13 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Wicksellian)
    • B14 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Socialist; Marxist
    • B2 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925

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