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La tarification routière au Québec - Quelles leçons tirer de l’expérience des précurseurs ?

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  • Jean-Philippe Meloche

Abstract

Economists have long argued that road pricing improves the efficiency of infrastructure development. However, pricing projects for roads remain scarce, often for lack of political support. Quebec is no exception. After the implementation of tolls on portions of highways 25 and 30 in the early 2010s, the issue has faded out of political concern. This research focuses on the mechanisms through which technological innovation, and more specifically the emergence of global satellite-based navigation systems, contributes to the comeback of road pricing on the political agenda. A case analysis of Quebec is compared to four other cases considered as first movers in road pricing: Singapore, Oregon (USA), Germany and Norway. Interviews with local experts helped determine how the streams of solutions, problems and politics converge to enable implementation of road pricing projects. The first movers’ experience demonstrates that new technologies and increasing traffic problems are factors that contribute to an increasing need for pricing, but do not eliminate political hurdles. This suggests that it is better to plan things far ahead of time and move forward slowly in the hope of one day successfully implementing a road pricing project. Depuis longtemps, les économistes défendent l’idée que la tarification routière améliore l’efficacité de production des infrastructures. Pourtant, les projets de tarification demeurent rares sur les routes, souvent faute d’appui politique. Le Québec ne fait pas exception. Après la mise en vigueur des péages sur des portions des autoroutes 25 et 30 au début des années 2010, le débat sur la tarification s’est quelque peu essoufflé. Cette recherche s’intéresse aux mécanismes par lesquels l’innovation technologique, et plus précisément l’émergence des outils de positionnement par satellite, contribue à remettre les projets de tarification routière à l’ordre du jour. Une analyse du cas du Québec est mise en comparaison avec quatre territoires considérés comme des précurseurs en matière de tarification routière : Singapour, l’Oregon (États-Unis), l’Allemagne et la Norvège. Des entrevues auprès d’experts locaux ont permis d’identifier les mécanismes à travers lesquels les courants des problèmes, des solutions et de la politique arrivent à se coupler afin de permettre la mise en œuvre des projets de tarification routière sur ces territoires. L’expérience des précurseurs montre que les nouvelles technologies et l’amplification des problèmes de circulation sont des facteurs qui contribuent à accroître la nécessité de la tarification, mais qu’ils n’éliminent pas pour autant les obstacles politiques. Ce constat suggère qu’il vaut mieux s’y prendre longtemps d’avance et cheminer doucement pour espérer réussir un jour l’implantation d’un projet de tarification routière.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Philippe Meloche, 2019. "La tarification routière au Québec - Quelles leçons tirer de l’expérience des précurseurs ?," CIRANO Working Papers 2019s-36, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2019s-36
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2019s-36.pdf
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    Keywords

    Road Pricing; Public Policy; Implementation; New Technologies; Quebec; Tarification routière; Politiques publiques; Mise en œuvre; Nouvelles technologies; Québec;
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