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Peut on créer des emplois en réglementant le temps de travail ?

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Author Info
Robert Lacroix ()
Abstract

In the recent economic history, work sharing has been a subject for discussion and thought at three distinct periods: during the Great Depression of the thirties, at the time of the late seventies' recession, and since the beginning of the nineties. These three periods are characterized, not only by a high unemployment rate, but also, and maybe0501nly, by a very high level of pessimism towards the possibility of an eventual employment pickup that would de strong enough to integrate both those who lost their jobs, and those freshly arrived arrived on the job market. Is work sharing the solution to this problem ? This paper summarizes what we already know on the impact onto employment of regulating work hours, shows, using a concrete case, the difficulty of reducing work hours to stabilize employment while0501ntaining the same level of productivity, and concludes with a few warning remarks on the expectations that arise when work sharing is viewed as a solution to the unemployment problem.

Dans l'histoire économique récente, le partage de l'emploi a été un thème de discussion et de réflexion particulièrement présent à trois époques: au moment de la grande dépression des années trente; lors de la récession de la fin des années 1970; et depuis le début des années 1990. Ces trois époques se caractérisent non seulement par des taux de chômage élevés0501s aussi et peut-être surtout, par un très grand pessimisme quant à la possibilité d'une éventuelle croissance de l'emploi suffisamment forte pour à la fois réinsérer les chômeurs dans des emplois et embaucher les nouveaux venus sur le marché du travail. Le partage du travail est-il la solution à ce problème ? Cet article résume ce que nous savons de l'impact sur l'emploi de la réglementation du temps de travail, illustre par un cas concret les difficultés de réduire les heures de travail pour stabiliser l'emploi tout en0501ntenant le niveau de productivité, et conclue par quelques mises en garde sur les attentes que l'on pourrait avoir ou susciter quant au partage de l'emploi comme solution au problème du chômage.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Papers with number 96c-01.

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Date of creation: 01 Apr 1996
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Handle: RePEc:cir:circah:96c-01

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