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Efecto de regímenes de anticipos de impuestos en capacidad de pago y rentabilidad de empresas del sector de construcción

Author

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  • Diego G. Fano
  • Gabriel Oubiña
  • Saverio Di Giorgio
  • Antonio Marín

Abstract

Argentina se ha caracterizado por poseer un sistema tributario que hace gala de variados mecanismos para recaudar impuestos en forma anticipada, ocasionando en las empresas cuantiosas inmovilizaciones en créditos fiscales ilíquidos. El presente trabajo posee por objetivo analizar los efectos que dichos regímenes de anticipos de impuestos generarían sobre la capacidad de pago y necesidades de financiación en las empresas del sector de la construcción, las cuales se caracterizan por poseer largos ciclos productivos y de realización de los activos vinculados a su actividad. Para ello se analizaron los estados contables de cuarenta y siete empresas pertenecientes a dicho sector, entre los años 2004 y 2016, en especial en lo referido a participación de créditos fiscales en el activo, indicadores de capacidad de pago, necesidades de financiación mediante préstamos y niveles de rentabilidad. Fue posible observar que cuanto mayor resultaron los niveles de inmovilización en créditos fiscales, menor fue la capacidad de pago observada y mayor fue la utilización de pasivos financieros (préstamos) para el financiamiento de los mismos, lo cual redundaría en mayores costos financieros para financiar dicha inmovilización, que a su vez se ve agravado en aquellas empresas con menores niveles de rentabilidad. Todo ello permitiría concluir el nocivo efecto de los regímenes de anticipos de impuestos por atentar contra la competitividad de las empresas y su capacidad de desarrollo e inversión Argentina is known for its tax system, that has various mechanisms to collect taxes in advance, causing large immobilizations in illiquid tax credits in most companies. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects that these tax advances regimes would generate on the payment capacity and financing needs of companies that belongs to the construction sector, which are characterized by long productive cycles and long time for assets collection. To this end, the financial statements of forty-seven companies belonging to this sector were studied between 2004 and 2016, in relation to the proportion of tax credits over assets, payment ratios, financing needs through loans and levels of profitability. It was observed that at higher levels tax credits immobilization, payment ratios decreased rapidly, as also greater use of financial liabilities (loans) were needed for financing them, which would result in higher financial costs to sustain than immobilization. That phenomenon is worse on those companies with lower levels of profitability. These findings would allow to conclude the harmful effect of the advance tax regimes for undermining the competitiveness of companies and their capacity for development and investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego G. Fano & Gabriel Oubiña & Saverio Di Giorgio & Antonio Marín, 2018. "Efecto de regímenes de anticipos de impuestos en capacidad de pago y rentabilidad de empresas del sector de construcción," CEMA Working Papers: Serie Documentos de Trabajo. 635, Universidad del CEMA.
  • Handle: RePEc:cem:doctra:635
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