Antitrust enforcement in a number of countries allows an efficiencies defence for horizontal mergers, joint ventures, specialization agreements and other horizontal arrangements. These defences may be statutory, jurisprudential or administrative. They involve, in essence, a balancing of real per unit cost savings (improvements in technical efficiency) resulting from a merger or agreement against its anticompetitive effects.
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Paper provided by Carleton University, Department of Economics in its series Carleton Economic Papers with number
00-09.
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