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Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation System of Japan's Producer Price Index

Author

Listed:
  • Moegi Inoue

    (Bank of Japan)

  • Atsushi Kawakami

    (Bank of Japan)

  • Ayako Masujima

    (Bank of Japan)

  • Ichiro Muto

    (Bank of Japan)

  • Shogo Nakano

    (Bank of Japan)

  • Izumi Takagawa

    (Bank of Japan)

Abstract

One of the main objectives of the producer price index (PPI) is to serve as an aggregation price index that appropriately represents the overall supply-demand condition regarding goods and services in an economy as a whole. In this respect, the current system of Japan fs PPI system is confronted with the following two challenges: (i) overall inflationary pressures in the entire economy cannot be tracked because the indexes for goods and services are separately constructed and published; and (ii) the effects of price changes in upstream stages in the production flow are exaggerated because the PPI is aggregated as the "all commodities index" in which prices of commodities in different demand stages are aggregated through weight-averaging by gross trade value. In order to overcome those challenges, we construct a price index of Final Demand-Intermediate Demand aggregation system of Japan fs PPI (the FD-ID price index) by assigning commodity-level Japanese PPI indexes for goods and services to the stage of final demand and the four stages of intermediate demand, in an optimal manner in accordance with the production flow in the Input-Output table and by aggregating the indexes in a way that eliminates multiple counting. The use of the FD-ID price index makes it possible to measure inflationary pressures in the entire Japanese economy, including both goods and services sectors. It also becomes possible to track the process of price changes being transmitted from upstream to downstream stages in the production flow across the sectors of goods and services. This study provides detailed explanations of the methodology for constructing the Japanese FD-ID price index and the characteristics of the constructed index.

Suggested Citation

  • Moegi Inoue & Atsushi Kawakami & Ayako Masujima & Ichiro Muto & Shogo Nakano & Izumi Takagawa, 2021. "Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation System of Japan's Producer Price Index," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 21-E-6, Bank of Japan.
    • Handle: RePEc:boj:bojwps:wp21e06
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Francien Berry & Brian Graf & Mr. Michael Stanger & Mari Ylä-Jarkko, 2019. "Price Statistics Compilation in 196 Economies: The Relevance for Policy Analysis," IMF Working Papers 2019/163, International Monetary Fund.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tomoyuki Yagi & Yoshiyuki Kurachi & Masato Takahashi & Kotone Yamada & Hiroshi Kawata, 2022. "Pass-Through of Cost-Push Pressures to Consumer Prices," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 22-E-17, Bank of Japan.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Producer price index; FD-ID aggregation system; Input-Output table; Multiple counting problem.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C82 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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