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Cameroun: les enjeux de la croissance

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  • Sophie CHAUVIN

Abstract

Après un décollage économique rapide au début des années 1970, puis l’atteinte du « peak oil » en 1985, et la crise économique consécutive qui a affaibli le Cameroun jusqu’aux années 1990, le pays suit aujourd‘hui une trajectoire de croissance assez molle, qui reflète notamment l’épuisement progressif de ses réserves pétrolières. Cependant, le secteur pétrolier continue de tenir une place structurante pour les finances publiques et l’équilibre des comptes extérieurs. Malgré les récentes perspectives de hausse de la production de pétrole dans les cinq prochaines années, l’enjeu économique majeur du pays demeure la mise en place d‘un régime de croissance « post-pétrolier » visant notamment à diversifier davantage l’économie pour lui permettre d‘asseoir sa croissance sur une trajectoire plus soutenue. La levée préalable de plusieurs contraintes pesant sur le développement de secteurs pouvant constituer des relais durables de croissance apparaît dès lors nécessaire. L’équilibre externe du Cameroun, marqué par la prépondérance des exportations de biens primaires, notamment de pétrole, traduit bien la faible diversification de l’économie. Or, l’épuisement des recettes pétrolières pourrait révéler des vulnérabilités importantes en cas de non-diversification de la structure des exportations. Cette étude présente une analyse de la situation macroéconomique de ce pays et des principaux enjeux auxquels le Cameroun doit faire face à moyen terme.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie CHAUVIN, 2017. "Cameroun: les enjeux de la croissance," Working Paper ad6db33a-936a-4971-8c5b-e, Agence française de développement.
  • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr594
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Essama-Nssah, B. & Bassole, Leandre, 2010. "A counterfactual analysis of the poverty impact of economic growth in Cameroon," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5249, The World Bank.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Afrique; Cameroun;

    JEL classification:

    • E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

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