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Deep reinforcement learning for market making in corporate bonds: beating the curse of dimensionality

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  • Olivier Gu'eant
  • Iuliia Manziuk

Abstract

In corporate bond markets, which are mainly OTC markets, market makers play a central role by providing bid and ask prices for a large number of bonds to asset managers from all around the globe. Determining the optimal bid and ask quotes that a market maker should set for a given universe of bonds is a complex task. Useful models exist, most of them inspired by that of Avellaneda and Stoikov. These models describe the complex optimization problem faced by market makers: proposing bid and ask prices in an optimal way for making money out of the difference between bid and ask prices while mitigating the market risk associated with holding inventory. While most of the models only tackle one-asset market making, they can often be generalized to a multi-asset framework. However, the problem of solving numerically the equations characterizing the optimal bid and ask quotes is seldom tackled in the literature, especially in high dimension. In this paper, our goal is to propose a numerical method for approximating the optimal bid and ask quotes over a large universe of bonds in a model \`a la Avellaneda-Stoikov. Because we aim at considering a large universe of bonds, classical finite difference methods as those discussed in the literature cannot be used and we present therefore a discrete-time method inspired by reinforcement learning techniques. More precisely, the approach we propose is a model-based actor-critic-like algorithm involving deep neural networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Gu'eant & Iuliia Manziuk, 2019. "Deep reinforcement learning for market making in corporate bonds: beating the curse of dimensionality," Papers 1910.13205, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1910.13205
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olivier Gu'eant & Charles-Albert Lehalle & Joaquin Fernandez Tapia, 2011. "Dealing with the Inventory Risk. A solution to the market making problem," Papers 1105.3115, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2012.
    2. Ho, Thomas & Stoll, Hans R., 1981. "Optimal dealer pricing under transactions and return uncertainty," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 47-73, March.
    3. Marco Avellaneda & Sasha Stoikov, 2008. "High-frequency trading in a limit order book," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 217-224.
    4. Philippe Bergault & Olivier Gu'eant, 2019. "Size matters for OTC market makers: general results and dimensionality reduction techniques," Papers 1907.01225, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    5. David Silver & Julian Schrittwieser & Karen Simonyan & Ioannis Antonoglou & Aja Huang & Arthur Guez & Thomas Hubert & Lucas Baker & Matthew Lai & Adrian Bolton & Yutian Chen & Timothy Lillicrap & Fan , 2017. "Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge," Nature, Nature, vol. 550(7676), pages 354-359, October.
    6. Olivier Gu'eant, 2016. "Optimal market making," Papers 1605.01862, arXiv.org, revised May 2017.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jiafa He & Cong Zheng & Can Yang, 2023. "Integrating Tick-level Data and Periodical Signal for High-frequency Market Making," Papers 2306.17179, arXiv.org.
    2. Bruno Gav{s}perov & Zvonko Kostanjv{c}ar, 2022. "Deep Reinforcement Learning for Market Making Under a Hawkes Process-Based Limit Order Book Model," Papers 2207.09951, arXiv.org.
    3. Frédéric Abergel & Côme Huré & Huyên Pham, 2020. "Algorithmic trading in a microstructural limit order book model," Post-Print hal-01514987, HAL.
    4. Alexander Barzykin & Philippe Bergault & Olivier Guéant, 2023. "Algorithmic market making in dealer markets with hedging and market impact," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 41-79, January.
    5. Ben Hambly & Renyuan Xu & Huining Yang, 2021. "Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning in Finance," Papers 2112.04553, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2023.
    6. Alexander Barzykin & Philippe Bergault & Olivier Gu'eant, 2021. "Algorithmic market making in dealer markets with hedging and market impact," Papers 2106.06974, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.
    7. Philippe Bergault & Olivier Gu'eant, 2019. "Size matters for OTC market makers: general results and dimensionality reduction techniques," Papers 1907.01225, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    8. Bruno Gašperov & Stjepan Begušić & Petra Posedel Šimović & Zvonko Kostanjčar, 2021. "Reinforcement Learning Approaches to Optimal Market Making," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(21), pages 1-22, October.
    9. Ben Hambly & Renyuan Xu & Huining Yang, 2023. "Recent advances in reinforcement learning in finance," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 437-503, July.
    10. Thomas Spooner & Rahul Savani, 2020. "Robust Market Making via Adversarial Reinforcement Learning," Papers 2003.01820, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2020.
    11. Philippe Bergault & Olivier Guéant, 2020. "Size matters for OTC market makers: general results and dimensionality reduction techniques," Working Papers hal-02987894, HAL.
    12. Philippe Bergault & Louis Bertucci & David Bouba & Olivier Gu'eant, 2022. "Automated Market Makers: Mean-Variance Analysis of LPs Payoffs and Design of Pricing Functions," Papers 2212.00336, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.
    13. Pankaj Kumar, 2021. "Deep Hawkes Process for High-Frequency Market Making," Papers 2109.15110, arXiv.org.
    14. Philippe Bergault & Olivier Guéant, 2020. "Size matters for OTC market makers: general results and dimensionality reduction techniques," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-02987894, HAL.
    15. Bastien Baldacci & Iuliia Manziuk, 2020. "Adaptive trading strategies across liquidity pools," Papers 2008.07807, arXiv.org.
    16. Hui Niu & Siyuan Li & Jiahao Zheng & Zhouchi Lin & Jian Li & Jian Guo & Bo An, 2023. "IMM: An Imitative Reinforcement Learning Approach with Predictive Representation Learning for Automatic Market Making," Papers 2308.08918, arXiv.org.
    17. Bastien Baldacci & Philippe Bergault & Dylan Possamai, 2022. "A mean-field game of market-making against strategic traders," Papers 2203.13053, arXiv.org.
    18. Philippe Bergault & Olivier Guéant, 2021. "Size matters for OTC market makers: General results and dimensionality reduction techniques," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 279-322, January.
    19. Bastien Baldacci & Joffrey Derchu & Iuliia Manziuk, 2020. "An approximate solution for options market-making in high dimension," Papers 2009.00907, arXiv.org.
    20. Bastien Baldacci & Jerome Benveniste & Gordon Ritter, 2020. "Optimal trading without optimal control," Papers 2012.12945, arXiv.org.
    21. Bastien Baldacci & Philippe Bergault & Olivier Gu'eant, 2019. "Algorithmic market making for options," Papers 1907.12433, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2020.
    22. Laura Leal & Mathieu Lauri`ere & Charles-Albert Lehalle, 2020. "Learning a functional control for high-frequency finance," Papers 2006.09611, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2021.
    23. Shuo Sun & Rundong Wang & Bo An, 2021. "Reinforcement Learning for Quantitative Trading," Papers 2109.13851, arXiv.org.
    24. Nelson Vadori & Sumitra Ganesh & Prashant Reddy & Manuela Veloso, 2020. "Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning: a Martingale Approach to Reward Uncertainty," Papers 2006.12686, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2020.
    25. Mathieu Rosenbaum & Jianfei Zhang, 2022. "Multi-asset market making under the quadratic rough Heston," Papers 2212.10164, arXiv.org.

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