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A Sustentabilidade Das Reservas Extrativistas Pela Perspectiva Da Economia Ecológica

Author

Listed:
  • Cavalcanti, Francisco Carlos Da Silveira
  • Maciel, Raimundo Claudio Gomes
  • Mangabeira, Joao Alfredo De Carvalho
  • Reydon, Bastiaan Philip

Abstract

As Reservas Extrativistas (RESEX) são áreas de domínio público, com uso concedido às populações extrativistas tradicionais, cuja subsistência baseia-se no extrativismo e na agricultura de subsistência e na criação de animais de pequeno porte, e têm como objetivos básicos proteger os meios de vida e a cultura dessas populações, e assegurar o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais da unidade. Porém, o aumento da área para agropecuária dentro das reservas vem aumentando e, assim, o desmatamento. O presente estudo tem como objetivo promover uma reflexão sobre a regulamentação ambiental e suas conseqüências, bem como sobre a organização popular como instrumento capaz de deter o desmatamento na Amazônia. Neste sentido, as RESEX, resultado da luta política e social dos movimentos locais, podem ser entendidas como uma alternativa à criação de reservas preservacionistas, definindo um novo paradigma de regulação ambiental. A parte metodológica deste trabalho é baseada na literatura sobre o tema dentro do contexto da Economia Ecológica. Assim, este trabalho procura analisar a eficácia da regulamentação ambiental no sentido de deter os desmatamentos e garantir a manutenção das reservas extrativistas. Centrou-se a atenção nos instrumentos reguladores de comando e controle (C&C) e no uso de instrumentos econômicos (IE). As principais conclusões indicam que, apesar dos desafios, a pertinência e acerto da política ambiental representados pela existência das RESEX são evidentes. No plano real trata-se da melhor e mais adequada proposta de conservação da floresta amazônica. Contribuiu em muito para o êxito da proposta a ampla mobilização do conjunto de moradores da reserva. A adoção de um mix de políticas ambientais, envolvendo políticas de comando e controle e uso de instrumentos econômicos legitima e assegura a efetivação das medidas. Em decorrência, os controles e a fiscalização, em geral dispendiosos, tornam-se viáveis em função do envolvimento dos moradores.----------------------------------------------The extractivist reserves (RESEX) are areas of public domain and its use is granted to the traditional extractivist populations whose subsistence is based on extraction, subsistence farming and animal farming on a small scale. These areas have been created to protect the local people and their culture and to ensure that the natural resources are used in a sustainable way. However, the deforestation of some areas to be used for cattle raising is still growing inside these areas. This study aims to encourage reflection about the environmental regulations and its consequences and about the organization of the local people as a means of halting the deforestation in the Amazon as well. Once the RESEX are a result of political and social movements of local people they can be regarded as an alternative to the establishment of preservation areas and they represent a new paradigm in terms of environmental regulation. The methodology of this study is based on the literature about the topic taking the Ecological Economics approach. The focus is on command and control instruments (CAC) and on the use of economical instruments (EI). The main conclusions show that, in spite of the existing challenges, the pertinence of the environmental policies represented by the existence of the RESEX is clear. It is unequivocal that the RESEX represent the most suitable proposal for the conservation of the Amazon rainforest. The mobilization of the traditional populations has been contributing to the success of the proposal. The adoption of a variety of environmental policies such as policies of command and control and the use of economical instruments ensures that these measures are put into effect. As a consequence, the means of control and supervision that are usually expensive become possible thanks to the contribution of the people who live in these areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Cavalcanti, Francisco Carlos Da Silveira & Maciel, Raimundo Claudio Gomes & Mangabeira, Joao Alfredo De Carvalho & Reydon, Bastiaan Philip, 2008. "A Sustentabilidade Das Reservas Extrativistas Pela Perspectiva Da Economia Ecológica," 46th Congress, July 20-23, 2008, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil 113395, Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administracao e Sociologia Rural (SOBER).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:sbrfsr:113395
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.113395
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    Resource /Energy Economics and Policy;

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