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Alternativas Para A Geração De Energia Renovável No Brasil: A Opção Pela Biomassa

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  • Marconato, Mariane Silva
  • Santini, Giuliana Aparecida

Abstract

Durante muito tempo, os recursos fósseis e hídricos foram os grandes propulsores da civilização e da economia. O Brasil também se apoiou nessas fontes energéticas para o desenvolvimento de atividades industriais, agrícolas, de serviços e da própria sociedade. Entretanto, vive-se hoje uma crise no abastecimento energético, em função da problemática geopolítica, econômica e ambiental em torno da extração e comercialização desses recursos, uma vez que possuem ainda, caráter não renovável, portanto, finito na natureza. Os escassos investimentos governamentais e a abertura econômica do setor energético resultou no fim do monopólio energético, o que favoreceu a implantação de sistemas alternativos, na maioria, advindos da biomassa. Dentre esses, destaca-se a co-geração de energia a partir do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, cuja implantação é assegurada por uma safra constante, que libera elevada quantidade de resíduos (palha, bagaço e vinhoto). E em períodos de estiagem há a possibilidade de se produzir excedentes que poderão aproveitar as estruturas de transmissão de energia já existentes para distribuição. Essa atividade tem se tornado foco alternativo de renda e energia para muitas usinas, que juntamente com órgãos de pesquisa vêm desenvolvendo tecnologias que favoreçam o processo de queima para gerar excedentes. Sendo assim, esse artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização da biomassa no Brasil, especificamente, da geração de energia a partir do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, revelando também as problemáticas em torno da utilização de fontes energéticas tradicionais. ---------------------------------------------For a long time, fossil fuels and water were the major propellants of civilization and the economy. Brazil has also supported these energy sources for the development of industrial activities, agricultural, services and the society itself. Therefore, living up today a crisis in energy supply, depending on the geopolitical problems, economic and environmental around the extraction and marketing of these resources, since they have not yet renewed character, so finite in nature. The meager governmental investments in the energy sector of economic openness resulted in the end of the energy monopoly, which favored the deployment of alternative systems, in the majority, arising from biomass. Among these includes the co-generation of power from sugar cane bagasse, whose deployment is ensured by a constant harvest, which releases large quantities of waste (straw, bagasse and vinhoto). And in drought periods there is the possibility to produce surpluses that could take the structures of existing overhead power for distribution. This activity has become focus of alternative income and energy for many plants, which together with research bodies have been developing technologies that promote the process of burning to generate surpluses. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of the use of biomass in Brazil, particularly, the generation of energy from sugar cane bagasse, revealing also the problems surrounding the use of traditional energy sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Marconato, Mariane Silva & Santini, Giuliana Aparecida, 2008. "Alternativas Para A Geração De Energia Renovável No Brasil: A Opção Pela Biomassa," 46th Congress, July 20-23, 2008, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil 112629, Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administracao e Sociologia Rural (SOBER).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:sbrfsr:112629
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.112629
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    Resource /Energy Economics and Policy;

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