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The Enhanced I/M Program in Arizona: Costs, Effectiveness, and a Comparison with Pre-regulatory Estimates

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  • Harrington, Winston
  • McConnell, Virginia D.
  • Ando, Amy Whritenour

Abstract

Using data from 1995 and 1996, we estimate the cost of the Arizona Enhanced I/M Program and the emission reductions achieved. We begin by enumerating briefly the components of I/M costs and discuss their size and incidence. Then we describe the empirical information from Arizona and how we use it to construct cost estimates for both vehicle inspection and repair of failing vehicles. Inspection costs include the costs of operating the test stations and the costs motorists incur in time and money to get to the station and go through the testing process. We find that the inspection costs account for over two-thirds of the full costs of I/M, while costs associated with actual vehicle repair account for only one third. We conclude by comparing the empirical estimates of costs and program effectiveness in the Arizona program with the ex ante estimated Enhanced I/M program costs made by the EPA in the 1992 Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). The ex ante EPA analysis appears to have underestimated the costs of achieving the ambitious reductions in emissions hoped for under I/M.

Suggested Citation

  • Harrington, Winston & McConnell, Virginia D. & Ando, Amy Whritenour, 1999. "The Enhanced I/M Program in Arizona: Costs, Effectiveness, and a Comparison with Pre-regulatory Estimates," Discussion Papers 10867, Resources for the Future.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:rffdps:10867
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.10867
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    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/10867/files/dp990037.pdf
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    1. Harrington, Winston & McConnell, Virginia, 1999. "Coase and Car Repair: Who Should Be Responsible for Emissions of Vehicles in Use?," RFF Working Paper Series dp-99-22, Resources for the Future.
    2. Ando, Amy Whritenour & McConnell, Virginia D. & Harrington, Winston, 1999. "Costs, Emissions Reductions, and Vehicle Repair: Evidence from Arizona," Discussion Papers 10915, Resources for the Future.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ando, Amy Whritenour & McConnell, Virginia D. & Harrington, Winston, 1999. "Costs, Emissions Reductions, and Vehicle Repair: Evidence from Arizona," Discussion Papers 10915, Resources for the Future.

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