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Methods and Methodologies in Fiqh and Islamic Economics طرائق ومناهج البحث في الفقه والاقتصاد الإسلامي

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  • Muhammad Yusuf Saleem

    (Department of Economics Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia)

Abstract

This paper intends to examine the methods of reasoning that are employed in Fiqh and critically discuss their adoption in Islamic economics. The paper argues that the methods used in Fiqh are mainly designed to find out whether or not a certain act is permissible or prohibited. Islamic economics, on the other hand, is a social science. Like any other social science its proper unit of analysis is the society itself. Methodologies of Fiqh and Islamic economics also differ as the former focuses on prescriptions. It prescribes what an individual should do or avoid. In contrast, Islamic economics is more concerned with describing economic phenomena. While Fiqh, especially worship (Ibadat) type, prescriptions are permanent in nature and for all individuals, economic descriptions may change from time to time and from society to another. This paper argues that the methods of reasoning for discovering the truth in fiqh and Islamic economics are not necessarily identical. While fiqh has a well developed methodology in the form of usul al-fiqh, Islamic economics in its search for finding the truth should rely on a methodology that suits its social and descriptive nature. تـهدف هذه الورقة إلى فحص طرق التعليل المستخدمة في الفقه مع مناقشة نقدية لاعتمادها في الاقتصاد الإسلامي. إن الورقة تحاجج أن الطرق المستخدمة في الفقه مصممة على طريقة الوصول إلى حل أو حرمة عمل فرد ما، أما الاقتصاد الإسلامي فهو علم اجتماعي؛ وكأي علم اجتماعي آخر فإن وحدة تحليله الأساسية هي المجتمع بنفسه. وهذا يمثل أحد عوامل الفرق بين طرائق الاستنباط في العلمين. الفرق الآخر يتمثل في أن مناهج الفقه والاقتصاد الإسلامي يختلفان في تركيز الفقه على جانب إصدار الأحكام على الأفعال المرتبطة بالأفراد؛ ما يجب على الفرد فعله وما يحظر الإقدام عليه. في حين أن مجال الاقتصاد الإسلامي منصب على وصف الظواهر الاقتصادية. وبناء عليه فإن أحكام الفقه تتسم بطبيعتها بالثبات والديمومة لكل الأفراد، في حين أن الأوصاف الاقتصادية يمكن أن تتغير من زمن إلى آخر، ومن مجتمع إلى آخر. إن الورقة تحاجج أن طرق التعليل المستخدمة في الفقه للوصول إلى الأحكام ليست بالضرورة مطابقة لتلك المستخدمة في الاقتصاد الإسلامي. فالفقه يملك منهجية متطورة ومكتملة متمثلة في أصول الفقه، في حين أن الاقتصاد الإسلامي في إطار سعيه للوصول إلى المنهجية الصحيحة يجب عليه أن يعتمد على منهجية تأخذ بعين الاعتبار طبيعته الوصفية والاجتماعية.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Yusuf Saleem, 2008. "Methods and Methodologies in Fiqh and Islamic Economics طرائق ومناهج البحث في الفقه والاقتصاد الإسلامي," Papers and books based on the proceedings of the Conferences organized by the Islamic Economics Institute, KAAU. 53, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute..
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:ieicfp:53
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