Corruption in Bangladesh: Review and Analysis

Corruption is understood by the majority to be harmful to a country although the reason why is rarely understood. For this reason, economists have endeavored to determine the causes and consequences of corruption. Corruption is an important issue for Bangladesh since it is widely spread throughout the country and can lead to many unwanted consequences. Li et al. (2000) found that corruption, for example, can lead to misallocation of resources. Once bribing becomes an integrated part of the market, it will no longer be equal to bidding for scarce resources. They also found that corruption can be harmful to innovation; entrepreneurs have to get licenses and permits to start up new businesses and are often subjected to corruption. This is a consequence of corruption that could be detrimental to Bangladesh's growth. The quality of goods may also be adversely affected, with decisions about the issuing of permits and licenses being determined by the largest bribe paid rather than the highest quality of goods (Lambsdorff, 2007).This chapter is divided into 4 parts: Part I discusses the concept and various quantitative measures of corruption. As far as this author is aware the PRS Group was the first to score countries based on corruption. Since then a multitude of indices have been produced by well-known institutions such as Transparency International, the World Bank and PricewaterhouseCoopers.Part II deals with the magnitude of corruption in Bangladesh and more specifically looks at the effectiveness of anti-corruption agencies within the country. The causes of corruption in Bangladesh are also explored, with particular emphasis on banking, customs and telecommunications sectors. In addition, Part II looks at the consequences of corruption on economic growth.Part III discusses five possible remedies for corruption in Bangladesh and Part IV provides a conclusion.